硒-生物炭复合调理剂对镉污染菜地空心菜生长及土壤镉生物有效性的影响  

Study on the effect of selenium-biochar composite conditioner on the growthand development and bioefficacy of water spinach(Brassica napus)

作　　者：王晓莹 吴贝贝 吴东 程媛媛[1] 施维林[1] 史广宇[1,2] WANG Xiaoying;WU Beibei;WU Dong;CHENG Yuanyuan;SHI Weilin;SHI Guangyu(School of Environmental and Science Engineering,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009;Tianping College,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,苏州215009 [2]苏州科技大学天平学院,苏州215009

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第2期523-532,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：苏州市科技局科技计划项目(No.SS202130,SNG2020053)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,研究了硒-生物炭复合调理剂(Se+BC)对空心菜生长的影响,并进一步通过小鼠实验探究了施加Se+BC对减缓镉(Cd)污染土壤种植空心菜中Cd的生物体有效性的效果.结果表明,土壤Cd污染下,Se、BC、海藻酸钠处理均提高了空心菜的株高、鲜重和叶绿素含量,其中Se+BC处理显著提高了空心菜的株高、可食用部位的鲜重及叶绿素含量,分别较对照组(CK)增加了46.0%、62.0%、29.0%.通过添加外源调理剂使空心菜可食用部位和根部Cd含量均有所下降,其中Se+BC使得食用部位和根部Cd含量相较于CK分别降低了51.2%和71.9%,同时,空心菜的Cd富集系数降低了51.2%.各处理组均提高了空心菜的抗逆能力,复合调理剂处理效果最好,主要表现在叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提高了259.0%和127.0%,丙二醛(MDA)的积累量降低了37.5%.小鼠实验结果表明,与CK相比,Se、BC、海藻酸钠和Se+BC处理使得Cd在小鼠肝脏、肾脏中的相对生物有效性均有所降低,Se+BC处理使其分别降低了10.1%和13.5%.结合小鼠脏器比随肾脏、肝脏中Cd含量的减少而降低,小鼠血清中抗氧化酶活性的提高,以及在小鼠生理生化分析中,各处理相较于CK提高了血清中SOD、CAT活性,降低了MDA含量,推测Se+BC调理剂处理减少了Cd进入小鼠体内带来的损伤.The effect of Se+BC on the growth of water spinach was studied using a pot experiment,and the effect of Se+BC on the bioavailability of cadmium in water spinach in cadmium-contaminated soil was further investigated using a mouse experiment.The results showed that Se,BC,and sodium alginate treatments all increased the plant height,fresh weight,and chlorophyll content of water spinach under soil cadmium pollution.Specifically,the Se+BC treatment significantly increased the plant height,fresh weight,and chlorophyll content of the edible parts of water spinach by 46.0%,62.0%,and 29.0%,respectively,compared with the control group(CK).The content of cadmium in the edible parts and roots of water spinach decreased with the addition of exogenous conditioners.Se+BC reduced the cadmium content in the edible parts and roots by 51.2%and 71.9%,respectively,compared with CK,and the cadmium enrichment coefficient of water spinach decreased by 51.2%.The stress resistance of water spinach improved in all treatment groups,with the compound conditioner treatment showing the best effect.This improvement was evidenced by increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in the leaves by 259.0%and 127.0%,respectively,and a decrease in the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA)by 37.5%.The results of the mouse experiments showed that compared with CK,Se,BC,sodium alginate,and Se+BC treatments reduced the relative bioavailability of cadmium in mouse liver and kidney.Specifically,Se+BC treatment reduced it by 10.1%and 13.5%,respectively.Combined with the decrease in cadmium content in the kidney and liver,the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in mouse serum,and the physiological and biochemical analysis of mice,each treatment increased the activity of SOD and CAT in serum and decreased the content of MDA compared with CK.It was speculated that Se+BC treatment reduced the damage caused by cadmium entering the mice.

关 键 词：镉 空心菜 硒 生物炭 复合调理剂 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.5