工业生物制造与“碳中和”目标探讨  

Exploring industrial biomanufacturing and the goal of“carbon neutrality”

作　　者：应汉杰[1] 柳东 王振宇 沈涛 庄伟[1] 朱晨杰 YING Hanjie;LIU Dong;WANG Zhenyu;SHEN Tao;ZHUANG Wei;ZHU Chenjie(National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学,国家生化工程技术研究中心,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《合成生物学》2025年第1期1-7,共7页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(21636003)。

摘　　要：地球上的不可再生资源为人类构建现代丰富的物质文明做出了巨大的贡献,然而埋藏数亿年的化石资源的大量释放,造成了严重的碳失衡所致的生态环境问题。工业生物制造是一种以碳循环的可再生资源为原料的物质制造技术,践行“阳光经济”的发展模式,是工业可持续发展的新的生产方式。本文从制造原料、生产模式及产品使用等角度探讨了生物制造在助力“双碳”战略实施方面的几种途径。生物制造可通过原料置换、技术迭代和产品替代的方式减少碳排放。秸秆等生物质碳利用、非粮蛋白的制造、生物基三苯三烯产业格局等的构建是生物制造减碳的重要途径;天然产物的高效生物制造和食品的生物制造将极大提高生产效率,节约大量土地资源,为实现“碳置换”提供土地资源;通过生物技术和产品优化未来农用产品是减少面源污染、增强农业碳汇能力的重要手段。Non-renewable resources,such as petrochemicals,have made great contributions to modern civilization.However,the extensive use of fossil fuels,which have been buried for hundreds of millions of years,has led to a substantial increase in carbon imbalance.The imbalance leads to severe ecological and environmental problems.Industrial biomanufacturing,often referred to as a“sunshine economy”,represents a novel sustainable production paradigm,utilizing renewable resources in a carbon-cycling mode.This paper discusses several ways in which biomanufacturing can support China’s“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”goals from the perspectives of manufacturing feedstock,production mode and product usage.Biomanufacturing can reduce carbon emissions through feedstock substitution,technology iteration and product replacement.Utilization of straw biomass,producing non-food proteins and establishing a biobased industry landscape are important approaches for reducing carbon emissions in biomanufacturing.Efficient biomanufacturing of food and natural products can substantially improve production efficiency,conserve significant land resources,and thus provide land resources for“carbon replacement”.Optimizing agricultural products through biotechnology advancements and innovative product development is a crucial way to reduce pollution but also enhance the carbon sink capacity of the agricultural sector.

关 键 词：生物制造 碳减排 秸秆利用 细胞工厂 土地置换 

分 类 号：T-09[一般工业技术] Q81[生物学—生物工程]