DNA存储的关键技术:编码、纠错、随机访问与安全性  

Key technologies for DNA storage:encoding,error correction,random access,and security

作　　者：徐怀胜 石晓龙 刘晓光 徐苗苗 XU Huaisheng;SHI Xiaolong;LIU Xiaoguang;XU Miaomiao(School of Modern Information Industry,Guangzhou College of Commerce,Guangzhou 511363,Guangdong,China;Institute of Computing Science and Technology,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China;College of Sports and Health,Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou 510620,Guangdong,China;School of Physical Education and Health,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州商学院现代信息产业学院,广东广州511363 [2]广州大学计算科技研究院,广东广州510006 [3]广州体育学院运动健康学院,广东广州510620 [4]广州中医药大学体育健康学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《合成生物学》2025年第1期157-176,共20页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32300964)。

摘　　要：DNA信息存储是一种利用DNA分子作为数据载体的新型存储技术,通过合成特定序列的DNA来编码信息,并通过测序技术实现数据的读出。相比于传统的磁性、光学和电子存储介质,DNA存储在存储密度、数据保存时间和能源效率等方面具有显著优势,且不易受电磁干扰的影响。随着全球数据总量的猛增,DNA存储以其高效的存储能力、潜在的低维护成本和易于合成的化学特性,逐渐成为研究热点。本文首先介绍了DNA存储的基本流程,然后综述了DNA信息存储涉及的关键技术,尤其是编码策略、纠错技术、随机访问及DNA信息加密的研究进展。探讨了当前DNA存储技术的发展现状和主要挑战,如高成本、写入和读取速度慢等问题,并提出了可能的技术改进方向。并展望了DNA存储未来的发展前景,强调其在大数据时代的潜在应用和革命性影响,指出了实现商业化应用所需解决的关键技术瓶颈。DNA information storage is a new technology that uses DNA molecules as data carriers.It encodes information for synthesizing DNA with a specific sequence and reads out data through sequencing technology.Compared with traditional magnetic,optical,and electronic storage media,DNA storage has significant advantages in data density,retention duration,energy efficiency,and security,since it is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference.With the rapid increase in the total amount of global data,DNA storage has gradually become a research hotspot with its efficient storage capacity,low maintenance cost,and unique chemical property for synthesizing easily.However,DNA storage technology is still in its early stages of development and there are still many technical bottlenecks to be addressed.For example,an important advantage of DNA storage is its ultra-high storage density and long-term stability.However,achieving these goals require overcoming many technical challenges,such as reducing the error rate for synthesis and improving the encoding efficiency.Understanding existing key technologies,such as DNA encoding,error correction,random access,and DNA information encryption,can help identify and address those shortcomings,thereby promoting further technological innovation and development in DNA storage.Encoding strategy is one of the core aspects of DNA storage technology,directly determining data storage efficiency,reading accuracy,and error correction capability.To achieve efficient and stable DNA information storage,it is essential to develop more advanced encoding algorithms to enhance storage density,reduce synthesis and sequencing error rates,and ensure data accuracy and integrity.Moreover,the information security of DNA storage is becoming increasingly important,particularly in terms of data and privacy protection.As a potential data carrier,DNA storage needs to address challenges related to data encryption,information security,and tamper-proof to ensure data confidentiality and integrity.Therefore,integra

关 键 词：DNA信息存储 DNA合成 信息编码 DNA纳米技术 合成生物学 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]