四川省水质评价及时空特征分析  

Analysis of Water Quality and Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Sichuan Province

作　　者：乔宇豪 贾飚 徐芬芳 王康[1] 朱焱[1] QIAO Yu-hao;JIA Biao;XU Fen-fang;WANG Kang;ZHU Yan(State key laboratory of water resources engineering and management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Water Resources Research,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第3期43-50,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：省级科技计划项目(2022YFHH0040);国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900805-02)。

摘　　要：为了对四川省主要河段的水质状况和时空分布特征进行系统分析,基于2021年四川省内86个水质断面的监测数据,采用综合水质标识指数进行水质评价,比较平均系数法、变异系数法和熵值赋权法3种赋权方法的评价结果,对岷江、沱江进行水质的空间特征分析。结果显示,2021年全省断面全部是Ⅰ~Ⅱ类水,总体水质为优。年内水质的特征是:6月份出现Ⅳ类水断面,其污染指标是氨氮和高锰酸盐指数,其余月份只有少量Ⅲ类水断面。岷江上游断面WQI为1.48,下游断面WQI值为2.15;沱江的水质断面WQI值在2.08~2.32间波动。可以得出结论:四川省2021年全省水质良好,表明近年的水环境治理成果显著,但夏季时仍有超标断面;河流在流经大型城市后污染物含量会明显升高,下游断面WQI值随之上升,流动过程中污染物会衰减,两者共同影响着河流水质的空间分布。In order to systematically analyze the water quality status and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the main rivers in Sichuan Province,this paper adopts the water quality identification index for water quality evaluation based on the monitoring data of 86 water quality monitoring sections in 2021,compares the differences in the results of the three empowerment methods of the average coefficient method,the coefficient of variation method and the entropy method.This paper also analyzes the spatial characterization of water quality in Minjiang and Tuojiang rivers.Water quality during the year was characterized by the presence of Class IV water sections in June,with pollution indicators of ammonia nitrogen and CODMn,and only a few Class III water sections in the remaining months.The WQI of the Minjiang River was 1.48 at the upstream section and 2.15 at the downstream section,while the Tujiang River fluctuated between 2.08 and 2.32.It can be concluded that the province′s water quality in Sichuan Province in 2021 was excellent,indicating that the results of water environment management in recent years are remarkable,but there are still sections that exceed the standard during the summer period.The pollutant content of the river will increase significantly after flowing through a large city,and the WQI value of the downstream section will then rise,while the pollutants will decay during the flow process,both of which together affect the spatial distribution of the river water quality.

关 键 词：四川省 综合标识指数法 水质评价 时空特征分析 

分 类 号：S273.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]