非常规滴灌带下灌水参数对压砂瓜生长特性的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Parameters on Growth Characteristics of Pressed Sand Melon Under Unconventional Drip Irrigation Belts

作　　者：梁博惠 唐瑞 LIANG Bo-hui;TANG Rui(Hydraulic Research Institut of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区水利科学研究院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第3期71-76,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

摘　　要：为提高宁夏压砂瓜灌溉水利用效率,探索使用滴头间距1.6 m非常规滴灌带在不同灌水参数下对压砂瓜生长特性的影响。试验设置了4种灌水定额15 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1)、30 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)、45 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3),60 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4),3种灌水次数4次(S1)、5次(S2)、6次(S3),以滴头间距为0.3 m的常规滴灌带为对照,测定不同生育期压砂瓜生长情况与最终产量、品质指标。结果表明:伸蔓期、开花坐果后期、膨果后期、成熟期、伸蔓期的蔓长T3处理较CK增加了14.50%;T6、T9、T12处理较CK降低了14.50%、22.88%、13.91%、16.72%。当灌水次数相同时,随着灌水量增加,压砂瓜横纵径增加,当灌水定额相同时,随着灌水次数增加,压砂瓜横纵径增加。压砂瓜产量随灌溉定额增加而增加,压砂瓜平均单瓜重最大为T5处理,灌溉水利用效率各个处理较CK的高248.73~27.14 kg/m^(3)。不同处理下总酸、可溶性糖、维生素C及可溶性固形物指标分别T8处理、T8处理、T5处理、T11处理最大,较CK增加了273.91%、22.01%、76.70%、25.77%。从品质角度考虑,最优处理灌水方式是处理T8灌水定额为60 m^(3)/hm^(2),灌水次数为5次,灌溉定额为270 m^(3)/hm^(2)。综合产量、灌溉水利用效率及压砂瓜品质3项指标,本试验得出最优处理为T5,即全生育期灌水5次,其中苗期灌水定额为30 m^(3)/hm^(2),剩余4次灌水定额为15 m^(3)/hm^(2),灌溉定额为90m^(3)/hm^(2)的组合为最优灌溉制度。In order to improve the irrigation water utilisation efficiency of pressed-sand melon in Ningxia,we explored the effects of using non-conventional drip irrigation tapes with drip head spacing of 1.6m on the growth characteristics of mulch-sand melon under different irrigation parameters.Four irrigation quotas of 15 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1),30 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2),45 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3),and 60 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4),and three irrigation frequencies of 4 times(S1),5 times(S2),and 6 times(S3)were set up,and a conventional drip irrigation tape with a drip head spacing of 0.3 m was used as the control to determine the growth of pressed-sand gourd at different fertility periods and the final yield,quality indexes.The results showed that the length of the vine at the stage of extension,late flowering and fruiting,late fruiting,ripening and extension increased by 14.50%in the T3 treatment compared with the CK;and decreased by 14.50%,22.88%,13.91%and 16.72%in the T6,T9 and T12 treatments compared with the CK.The transverse and longitudinal diameter of pressed sand melon increased with the increase of irrigation quota when the number of irrigation was the same.The yield of mulch-sand melon increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and the average single melon weight of pressure sand melon was the largest in T5 treatment,and the irrigation water use efficiency of each treatment was higher than that of CK by 248.73~27.14 kg/m^(3).The total acid,soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble solids indexes were the largest under different treatments in T8 treatment,T8 treatment,T5 treatment,and T11 treatment,respectively,which were higher than that of CK by 273.91%,22.14%,and 273.91%.273.91%,22.01%,76.70%and 25.77%,respectively.Considering from the perspective of quality,the optimal treatment irrigation method is treatment T8 irrigation quota is 60m^(3)/hm^(2),the number of times of irrigation is 5 times,and the irrigation quota is 270 m^(3)/hm^(2).Combining the three indicators of yield,irrigation water use efficiency and quality of pressed sand melo

关 键 词：滴灌 压砂瓜 灌水次数 灌水定额 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]