正义通约与人机关系的法律建构  

Universal Justice and the Legal Construction of Human-Machine Relations

作　　者：吴国邦 WU Guo-bang(Faculty of Law,University of Vienna,Vienna 999013,Austria;Faculty of Law,University of Augsburg,Augsburg 999035,Germany)

机构地区：[1]奥地利维也纳大学法学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2025年第2期84-93,共10页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：教育部国家留学基金管理委员会“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生”(项目号:202007070012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在算法遍布时代,机器结构化地嵌入人类生活,这使得人机关系发生泛化转向,并被不同法律部门分别捕捉和映射。这种结构化累进迫使人类直面机器成为第二主体的理论可能,由此证成人机关系的间性转向。人机关系的两种转向唤起“正义”的两种通约,分别是跨法律部门、学科壁垒的价值融合与跨主体的间性对齐。前一种通约遵循动态性、系统性、实质性的正义标准,后者则要求做好面对主体标准增殖的准备。这些正义通约标准在认识论层面辖制了通约正义的本性,即通约的正义是自然正义参与的法律正义。正义通约对人机关系也有反作用,它使人机关系以特定规则形式被呈现,并在民法、行政法和刑法部门分别匹配有“正确的/非正确的”“恰当的/非恰当的”与“正义的/非正义的”合法性评价代码。为此,应当在风险预防原则的指导下,跨学科、分阶段开展人机关系法律规制,并在实操上分别设计出适用于民法、行政法与刑法部门的专门规制手段。In the era of algorithms,machines are structurally embedded into human life,leading to a generalized shift in human-machine relationships that are captured and mapped by different legal departments.This structural progression forces humans to confront the theoretical possibility of machines becoming a secondary subject,thereby confirming the intersubjective shift in the human-machine relationship.The two shifts in human-machine relations evoke two forms of“justice”convergence:one involves the value integration across legal departments and disciplinary boundaries,and the other requires the intersubjective alignment across subjects.The former follows the justice standards of dynamism,systematicness,and substentrality,while the latter requires preparation for the proliferation of subject-based standards.These justice convergence standards govern the nature of convergent justice at the epistemological level,meaning that convergence justice is a legal justice that involves natural justice participation.The convergence of justice also has a reciprocal effect on human-machine relations,presenting them in specific rule-based forms,and corresponding legitimacy evaluation codes of“correct/incorrect”,“appropriate/inappropriate,”and“just/unjust”are assigned within the domains of civil law,administrative law,and criminal law.Therefore,under the guidance of the risk prevention principle,interdisciplinary and phased legal regulation of human-machine relationships should be carried out in an interdisciplinary,phased manner,with specialized regulatory measures designed for civil law,administrative law,and criminal law departments.

关 键 词：正义通约 人机关系 法律规制 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]