兴边何以留民:沿边口岸的空间生产效应研究  

How to Retain Border Residents while Revitalizing the Borderlands:A Study on the Spatial Production Effect of Border Ports

作　　者：程中兴 朱星羽 CHENG Zhong-xing;ZHU Xing-yu(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Yunnan University,Kunming,650091)

机构地区：[1]云南大学中央四部委铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地 [2]云南大学

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2025年第2期106-115,共10页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘交往变革’推进中华民族共同体建设的族际距离消融机制研究”(项目号:22AMZ006);教育部人文社会科学研究重大项目“西南边境固边兴边强边与铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究”(项目号:21JJDM003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：陆地沿边口岸是“兴边富民行动”的重要支点,在边民守边固边过程中扮演重要角色。样本选择的52个国家级沿边口岸中,过境物流增长对缓解边民流失作用有限,边民互市和边地加工则能有效“留住边民”。由于口岸内在存在异质性,是否开发旅游资源、是否邻近城镇、是否存在跨境合作,是影响边民“用脚投票”的调节因素。此外,大量外籍劳工涌入产生的“挤出”效应亦是影响边民流失的重要因素。总之,兴边未必留民,口岸的网络属性既可聚集要素,产生正的空间溢出作用;也会扩散要素,形成负的空间溢出效应。如何“因岸制宜”,缓解因边民流失而致的“边境空心化”,成为边境治理亟待解决的重要议题。Land border ports are an important pivot of the“Revitalizing the Borderlands and Enriching the People”,playing a crucial role in the process of border defense and stabilization for border residents.Among the 52 national-level border ports,the growth of transit logistics has a limited impact on alleviating the outflow of border residents,while border trade and cross-border processing can effectively“retain the residents”.Due to the inherent heterogeneity of the ports,factors such as the development of tourism resources,proximity to towns,and the existence of cross-border cooperation serve as moderating factors influencing the“foot voting”of border residents.Additionally,the“crowding-out”effect caused by the influx of foreign labor is also an important factor affecting the outflow of border residents.In short,the development of border areas does not necessarily retain residents.The network nature of the ports can both gather resources,producing positive spatial spillover effects,and disperse resources,leading to negative spatial spillover effects.How to“adapt to the specific conditions of ports”and alleviate the“hollowing of borderlands”caused by the outflow of border residents has become a critical issue in border governance that urgently needs to be solved.

关 键 词：固边兴边 边民 口岸 空间生产 人口流动 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济] C924.2[社会学—人口学]