作为备案审查依据的“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”——以对民族自治地方立法的审查实践为例  

Forging a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation as a Basis for Filing Review:A Case Study on the Review of Legislation in Ethnic Autonomous Regions

作　　者：李俊 LI Jun(School of Law,Beihang University,Beijing,100191)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2025年第2期136-147,共12页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新时代民族事务治理法治化的中国方案研究”(项目号:22AZD056)的阶段性成果;“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(资助编号:GZC20233369)资助。

摘　　要：铸牢中华民族共同体意识是当前备案审查工作实践中的重要审查依据,但该内容何以、如何作为规范性文件备案审查的依据,需要结合备案审查的具体审查标准和实践展开讨论。实践层面上,全国人大常委会法工委所公布的审查案例中,对铸牢中华民族共同体意识相关民族自治地方立法规定的审查频率较高,但在审查依据、审查内容以及具体审查事项上均存在不同程度的不足。铸牢中华民族共同体意识是宪法、党的重大决策部署和法律法规中的重要内容,能够作为合宪性、政治性、合法性和适当性审查的依据;在具体审查内容中,需要基于比例原则对铸牢中华民族共同体意识与各民族公民权益保障的权衡展开讨论,尤其应遵循必要性原则;在具体审查事项上,变通规定应遵循“不违背”与铸牢中华民族共同体意识相关的法律或者行政法规的基本原则。Forging a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation is a key review basis for filing review in current legal practice.However,how and why this concept can be a basis for reviewing normative documents requires further discussion in light of the specific review standards and practical applications.At the practical level,the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress has frequently applied the principle in reviewing legislative provisions of ethnic autonomous regions.However,there are varying degrees of shortcomings in terms of review basis,review content,and specific review matters.As an important component of the Constitution,major policy decisions of the Party,and legal regulations,the principle of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation can serve as a basis for constitutionality,political,legality,and appropriateness reviews.In the specific review content,it is necessary to discuss the balance between forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and protecting the rights and interests of citizens of all ethnic groups based on the principle of proportionality,and in particular,the principle of necessity should be followed;in specific review matters,flexible provisions should follow the basic principle of"not violating"laws or administrative regulations related to forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：备案审查 铸牢中华民族共同体意识 审查依据 比例原则 变通规定 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]