基于自由曲面的LED铁路信号机透镜结构优化设计  

Structural optimization design of LED railway signal lens based on free-form surface

作　　者：贺清[1] 张正琳 康耀军 HE Qing;ZHANG Zhenglin;KANG Yaojun(School of Automation and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Department of Railway Signal Engineering,Luoyang Railway Information Engineering School,Luoyang 471000,China;China Railway Engineering Design Consulting Group Co.,Ltd.Zhengzhou Design Institute,Zhengzhou 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]洛阳铁路信息工程学校轨道信号工程系,河南洛阳471000 [3]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司郑州设计院,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《应用光学》2025年第1期80-88,共9页Journal of Applied Optics

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRA876;21JR7RA292)。

摘　　要：色灯信号机是我国铁路信号室外设备的重要组成部分,信号光源在恶劣气象条件下因大气溶胶的散射和吸收而导致输出光线与司机实际识别颜色不符,为了保证光源能传送正确的行车信号,在现有LED铁路信号机的基础上,提出一种基于自由曲面的信号机透镜结构优化设计方案。依据斯涅耳定律对透镜透射部分及反射部分的自由曲面进行迭代计算及数值拟合,计算所得透镜母线导入SolidWorks 3D建模软件完成三维透镜的建模,并结合TracePro光学软件对LED灯珠和灯珠嵌入透镜的效果进行仿真对比验证。仿真结果表明:嵌入自由曲面透镜的LED灯珠相较LED光源直接出射,其接收面上总光通量的最大值提升了近500倍,LED光源的光束散角从90°减小到了6°。在此基础上进一步完成了铁路信号现场的灯盘设计,并与蜂窝状透镜进行对比。光学分析及实验结果均表明:自由曲面透镜结构配光均匀性优于蜂窝状透镜,新型LED铁路信号机光学性能满足TB/T 2353-2018《铁路信号灯光发光强度》的要求,可实现光源光色经大气溶胶散射和吸收后仍能正确传递到司机视线范围内,进一步保障行车安全。Color light signal is an important part of China railway signal outdoor equipment,but the signal light source in bad weather conditions due to atmospheric sol scattering and absorption will lead to the inconformity between the output light and the actual identification color of drivers.To ensure that the light source can transmit the correct traffic signal,on the basis of the existing LED railway signal,an optimal design scheme of signal lens structure based on free-form surface was proposed.The freeform surfaces of the transmission and reflection parts of the lens were iteratively calculated and numerically fitted according to Snell's law.The calculated lens bus was imported into SolidWorks 3D modelling software to complete the 3D lens modelling,and the results of LED lamp beads and lamp beads embedded in the lens were simulated and compared with TracePro optical software.The simulation results show that compared with the direct emission of the LED light source,the maximum of the total luminous flux on the receiving surface of the LED light bead embedded in the free-form lens is increased by nearly 500 times,and the beam dispersion angle of the LED light source is reduced from 90°to 6°.On this basis,the design of the lamp plate for the railway signal field was further developed and compared to the honeycomb lens.The optical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the free-form lens structure provides better light distribution uniformity than the honeycomb lens.Furthermore,the new LED railway signal meets the requirements of TB/T 2353-2018"The Luminous Intensity of Railway Signal Light",which can realize the light color of light source to be correctly transmitted to the driver's line of sight after atmospheric sol scattering and absorption,and further ensure the driving safety.

关 键 词：光学设计 LED铁路信号机 自由曲面 透镜设计 

分 类 号：TN202[电子电信—物理电子学] U284.1[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制]