单光子激光主动探测信噪比数学建模与评估  

Mathematical modeling and evaluation of signal-to-noise ratio for single-photon laser active detection

作　　者：胡蕴航 王灵杰[1,3,4] 刘洋 王连强[1,3,4] 周頔 HU Yunhang;WANG Lingjie;LIU Yang;WANG Lianqiang;ZHOU Di(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics,Changchun 130033,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]应用光学国家重点实验室,吉林长春130033 [4]光学系统先进制造重点实验室(中国科学院),吉林长春130033

出　　处：《应用光学》2025年第1期194-201,共8页Journal of Applied Optics

基　　金：民用航天项目(D010206)。

摘　　要：使用单光子激光雷达进行远距离探测可以提高最远探测距离,由于其传输链路比较复杂,因此建立了单光子激光主动探测信噪比数学模型。首先,建立了脉冲激光在主动探测链路中发生衍射效应下的回波信号模型,计算了单光子探测器接收到的信号光子数大小;而后,分析了主动探测过程中噪声光电子的组成,定量计算了噪声光电子数。基于上述模型,建立了考虑视轴瞄准偏差下的回波信噪比模型。通过一套用于理论模型验证的单光子激光探测系统的系统参数进行仿真,分析了不同目标探测距离与不同接收系统口径大小下的激光脉冲能量与回波信噪比大小之间的关系,并将其与以激光雷达方程为基础建立的回波信噪比模型计算出来的结果进行比较,证明了该数学模型简单可行。Long-range detection using single-photon lidar can increase the farthest detection distance,and due to the complexity of its transmission link,a mathematical model of signal-to-noise ratio for single-photon laser active detection was established.Firstly,the echo signal model of the pulsed laser in the full link of active detection considering diffraction was established,and the size of the number of signal photons received by the single-photon detector was calculated.Then,the composition of noisy photoelectrons in the active detection process was analyzed,and the number of noisy photoelectrons was quantitatively calculated.Based on the above model,the echo signal-to-noise ratio model under the consideration of the aiming deviation of the optic axis was established.A set of system parameters of a single-photon laser detection system used for theoretical model validation was simulated and analyzed,and the relationship between the laser pulse energy and the size of the echo signal-to-noise ratio was analyzed under the influence of different target detection distances and different aperture sizes of the receiving system.The results were compared with those calculated by the echo signal-to-noise ratio model based on the lidar equation,which proved the simplicity and feasibility of the mathematical model.

关 键 词：单光子激光雷达 主动探测 信噪比 探测距离 数学模型 

分 类 号：TN216[电子电信—物理电子学]