旋转耦合干扰下五轴数控机床非线性误差补偿  

Nonlinear Error Compensation for Five Axis CNC Machine Tools Under Rotational Coupling Interference

作　　者：赵建卫 李紫君 ZHAO Jianwei;LI Zijun(Department of Basic Education,Zhengzhou Technology and Business University,He’nan Zhengzhou 450000,China;School of Management and Economics,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,He’nan Zheng-zhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州工商学院基础教学部,河南郑州450000 [2]华北水利水电大学管理与经济学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2025年第3期167-172,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河南省社科联河南省经团联调研课题—民办高校数学公共课教师教学科研压力现状调查研究(SKL-2017-2340)。

摘　　要：耦合干扰会导致各轴之间的非线性几何误差相互影响和累积,当某个旋转轴发生加减速控制时,由于难以同步,其他旋转轴也会受到影响,进而产生更多的非线性误差,增加了误差源的复杂性。对此,研究旋转耦合干扰下五轴数控机床非线性误差补偿方法。首先,对数控机床作业中每个旋转轴相互之间的耦合干扰建模,准确地描述了各轴之间非线性几何误差相互影响和累积的复杂过程,得到了刀具位移的矢量,为后续误差预测奠定了基础。然后,将刀具位移的矢量作为样本数据输入至LSTM神经网络中进行误差预测。最后,根据预测结果,将刀具轮廓误差按照一定规则分配至五轴数控机床的五个协同给进轴中,通过计算不同给进轴的补偿分量,实现数控机床的非线性误差补偿。实验表明:所提方法的刀具位移量最高误差仅为0.1mm,非线性误差检测效果与实际误差检测效果一致,且进行非线性误差补偿后,最大误差始终低于5μm,表明所提方法具有一定的技术水平与实用性。Coupling interference can lead to the mutual influence and accumulation of nonlinear geometric errors between axes.When a rotating axis undergoes acceleration and deceleration control,due to the difficulty of synchronization,other rotating axes will also be affected,resulting in more nonlinear errors and increasing the complexity of error sources.In this regard,research on the nonlinear error compensation method for five axis CNC machine tools under rotational coupling interference.Firstly,the coupling interference between each rotating axis in CNC machine tool operation was modeled,accurately describing the complex process of nonlinear geometric error mutual influence and accumulation between each axis,and obtaining the vector of tool displacement,laying the foundation for subsequent error prediction.Then,the vector of tool displacement is input as sample data into the LSTM neural network for error prediction.Finally,based on the prediction results,the tool profile error is allocated to the five collaborative feed axes of the five axis CNC machine tool according to certain rules.By calculating the compensation components of different feed axes,nonlinear error compensation of the CNC machine tool is achieved.The experiment shows that the maximum error of the tool displacement of the proposed method is only 0.1mm,and the non-linear error detection effect is consistent with the actual error detection effect.After non-linear error compensation,the maximum error is always below 5μm.This indicates that the proposed method has a certain level of technical proficiency and practicality.

关 键 词：旋转耦合干扰 LSTM网络 时间归递 非线性误差预测模型 尖刀轮廓误差 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]