区域贸易协定环境条款与制造业出口隐含碳排放  

Environmental provisions in regional trade agreements and carbon emissions embodied in manufacturing exports

作　　者：马荣国 张乃丽[1] 李宗显 MA Rongguo;ZHANG Naili;LI Zongxian(School of Economics,Shandong University,Jinan Shandong 250100,China;Shangdong Branch,Agricultural Development Bank of China,Jinan Shandong 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250100 [2]中国农业发展银行山东省分行,山东济南250002

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2025年第1期27-38,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’金融生态多样性对中国海外投资效率的影响研究”(批准号:17ZDA040)。

摘　　要：区域贸易协定(RTA)所涵盖的环境条款是影响碳排放的重要外部因素之一。该研究基于2005—2018年世界贸易组织RTA数据库与OECD投入产出数据库匹配数据,考察了RTA环境条款对中国制造业各行业出口隐含碳排放的影响。研究发现,RTA环境条款的签署能够显著降低中国制造业出口隐含碳排放强度,上述影响在污染较重行业及发展中国家贸易伙伴中更为突出。与环境条款内容丰富性相比,强制性环境条款对制造业出口隐含碳排放的抑制效应更为明显。进一步的机制检验结果表明,只有强制性环境条款才有可能通过绿色创新抑制出口隐含碳排放,其他情形下的绿色创新与环境条款对出口隐含碳排放的影响存在“替代”关系;RTA环境条款并不能通过绿色补贴抑制出口隐含碳排放;只有强制性环境条款才能通过优化产业结构促进出口隐含碳减排;出口国环境规制与RTA环境条款对出口隐含碳排放的影响存在相互“替代”关系。该研究为优化中国RTA环境条款设计和出口隐含碳排放治理提供了经验启示:①未来签署RTA环境条款时,应优先考虑签署强制性环境条款,统筹发挥RTA环境条款和国内环境规制在出口隐含碳排放中的调控作用。②积极推动绿色技术创新,审慎实施绿色补贴政策。③推进高水平制度型开放,构建相衔接的国内经贸与环境治理制度体系。Environmental provisions in regional trade agreements(RTAs)represent an important external pathway affecting carbon emissions.Using matched data from the World Trade Organization RTA database and the OECD input-output database from 2005 to 2018,this study examined the impact of environmental provisions in RTAs on carbon emissions embodied in China's manufacturing exports.The findings revealed that the implementation of environmental provisions in RTAs significantly inhibited the carbon emission intensity of China's manufacturing exports with more pronounced effects observed in heavily polluting industries and among trading partners in developing countries.Compared with the comprehensiveness of environmental provisions,the impact of mandatory environmental provisions on carbon emissions embodied in manufacturing exports was more pronounced.Further mechanism test results showed that only mandatory environmental provisions could suppress carbon emissions embodied in exports through green innovation.In other cases,there was a‘substitution’relationship between the impact of green innovation and environmental provisions on such emissions.Additionally,environmental provisions could not suppress carbon emissions embodied in exports through green subsidies.Only mandatory environmental provisions could facilitate the reduction of carbon emissions embodied in exports by optimizing the industrial structure.Furthermore,a mutual‘substitution’relationship existed between the impact of environmental regulations of the exporting country and environmental provisions in RTAs on carbon emissions embodied in exports.This study provides policy implications for optimizing the design of environmental provisions in China's RTAs and improving the governance of export carbon emissions:①Prioritize mandatory provisions,and effectively coordinate the roles of RTAs with domestic environmental regulations to control export carbon emissions.②Actively promote green technology innovation while cautiously implementing green subsidy poli

关 键 词：区域贸易协定 环境条款 出口隐含碳排放 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易]