国家公园体制试点区设立是否能改善当地社区农户收入?——基于钱江源国家公园的实证分析  

Does the establishment of national park system pilot areas improve the incomes of farmers in local communitie:based on empirical data from Qianjiangyuan National Park

作　　者：杨虹[1,2] 朱臻[1,2] 沈月琴[1,2] 杨俊 钱文荣[3] YANG Hong;ZHU Zhen;SHEN Yueqin;YANG Jun;QIAN Wenrong(Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300,China;College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300,China;China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州311300 [3]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2025年第1期193-204,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学领军青年英才培育项目“浙江省加快发展地区生态产品价值实现促进农民农村共富的路径与政策研究”(批准号:23QNYC13ZD)。

摘　　要：国家公园建设是生态文明建设的重要内容,社区发展是国家公园体制建设的重要组成部分。准确评估国家公园建设对地方社区发展的影响,对于实现国家公园建设与地方社区发展的同频共振有重要现实意义。该研究基于钱江源国家公园体制试点区设立前后的农户调查数据,运用DID模型分析国家公园体制试点区设立对农户收入与结构变化的影响,并讨论不同生计资本水平农户的异质性。研究发现:①国家公园体制试点区设立对农户的转移性收入和经营性收入均有显著提升作用,分别为142%和127%。②国家公园体制试点区设立通过影响农户林地经营权退出进而促使农户劳动力由农林业经营向非农经营转移,提高农户的经营性收入。③国家公园体制试点区设立对不同生计资本水平农户影响不同。对高人力资本、高金融资本和低自然资本的农户的财产性收入有显著正向影响;对较低生计资本水平农户的工资性收入具有负向影响,尤其是对低自然资本、低物质资本和低社会资本的农户。基于此,为更好地推进国家公园建设,改善钱江源国家公园及周边社区农户生计发展,该研究提出建议:充分依托国家公园特许经营制度,拉动农户经营性收入;整合拓展生态补偿资金来源,保障农户转移性收入;提供国家公园就业岗位,拓展农户工资性收入;创新绿色金融政策,提升农户财产性收入。The establishment of national parks is an essential component of ecological civilization construction,while community development represents a crucial part in the development of a national park system.Accurately assessing the impact of national park construction on local community development is of significant practical importance for achieving synergy between national park construction and local community development.Based on farmer survey data before and after the establishment of the Qianjiangyuan National Park Pilot Area,this study employed the difference-in-differences(DID)model to analyze the impact of the establishment of the national park pilot areas on farmers'income and structural changes.Additionally,it discussed the heterogeneity among farmers with varying levels of livelihood capital.The results revealed that:①The establishment of the national park pilot area significantly increased farmers'transfer income and operating income by 142%and 127%,respectively.②The establishment of the national park pilot area influenced the withdrawal of farmers'forestland management rights,thereby promoting the transfer of farmers'labor force from agricultural and forestry operations to non-agricultural operations,consequently increasing farmers'operating income.③The establishment of the national park pilot area generated varying impacts on households depending on their levels of livelihood capital.It had a significant positive impact on the property income of households with high human capital,high financial capital,and low natural capital.Conversely,it negatively affected the wage income of households with lower levels of livelihood capital,especially those with low natural,physical,and low social capital.Based on these findings,four recommendations are proposed to advance the development of national parks and improve the livelihood of farmers in the Qianjiangyuan National Park and its adjacent communities:fully leverage the national park concession system to boost farmers'operating income;integrate and expand t

关 键 词：国家公园 周边社区 农户收入 DID 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]