盐害和干旱对稻米品质形成的影响及生理机制研究进展  

Research Progress in Effects of Salt and Drought Stresses on Rice Quality Formation and Associated Physiological Mechanisms

作　　者：马唯一 朱济邹 朱旺 耿孝宇 张翔 刁刘云 汪璐璐 孟天瑶 高平磊 陈英龙 戴其根 韦还和 MA Weiyi;ZHU Jizou;ZHU Wang;GENG Xiaoyu;ZHANG Xiang;DIAO Liuyun;WANG Lulu;MENG Tianyao;GAO Pinglei;CHEN Yinglong;DAI Qigen;WEI Huanhe(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice,Yangzhou 225009,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agro-product Safety,Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室/国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心华东中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学农业科技发展研究院/教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2025年第2期156-170,共15页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32472222,32001466);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFE0113400);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2023355);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA210004);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022304,BE2022305);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目[CX(23)1020];扬州大学“青蓝工程”项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：我国正大力开发利用滨海盐碱地发展水稻生产。然而,受限于淡水资源和水利基础设施,滨海盐碱地水稻生产过程中极易遭受盐-旱复合胁迫,导致水稻产量和稻米品质显著下降,严重制约了滨海盐碱地水稻丰产提质目标的实现。本文系统综述了盐害、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质的影响,并从渗透胁迫、离子平衡、光合作用、抗氧化保护、内源激素、碳氮代谢、代谢物及基因调控等方面阐明了其影响稻米品质形成的作用机制。此外,本文还从耐盐耐旱品种选育和栽培调控技术等方面提出了减轻水稻盐/干旱胁迫的调控措施,对下一步深入开展盐-旱复合胁迫影响稻米品质形成的生理机制研究提出建议。China is vigorously developing and utilizing coastal saline-alkaline land to boost rice production.Restricted by freshwater resources and water conservancy foundation,coastal saline-alkaline rice production is very susceptible to composite salt-drought stress,which significantly diminishes rice yield and deteriorates rice quality,and seriously restricts the realization of the goal of abundant production and quality improvement of coastal saline-alkaline rice.This paper summarizes the effects of salt damage,drought and its compound stress on the formation of processing quality,appearance quality,cooking flavor quality and nutritional quality of rice,describes the mechanism of its influence on the formation of rice quality from the aspects of osmotic stress,ionic balance,photosynthesis,antioxidant protection,endogenous hormones,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,metabolites,gene regulation,and so on,and proposes a new method to mitigate salt/drought stress in rice,which is based on the selection and breeding of salt-drought-tolerant varieties,and the cultivation and control of the response to salt/drought stress.It puts forward the control measures to alleviate salt/drought stress in rice,and suggests the next step to carry out the research on the physiological mechanism of the formation of rice quality affected by compound salt-drought stress.

关 键 词：水稻 盐-旱复合胁迫 盐胁迫 干旱胁迫 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]