杂交稻条播育秧机插秧苗素质对产量的影响  

Effects of Hybrid Rice Seedling Quality in Drill-seeding Nursery on Grain Yield in Mechanical Transplanting

作　　者：唐承翰 王晶卿 陈惠哲[1] 张玉屏[1] 向镜[1] 张义凯[1] 王志刚[1] 怀燕 陈佳峰 王亚梁 TANG Chenghan;WANG Jingqing;CHEN Huizhe;ZHANG Yuping;XIANG Jing;ZHANG Yikai;WANG Zhigang;HUAI Yan;CHEN Jiafeng;WANG Yaliang(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400,China;Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 310020,China;Hangzhou Sedlin Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,杭州311400 [2]浙江省农业技术推广中心,杭州310020 [3]杭州赛得林智能装备有限公司,杭州310000

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2025年第2期245-254,共10页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划资助项目(2023ZDXT01);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301404、2023YFD2301304);云南科技厅科技计划项目(202402AE090007-1);2022年度拱墅区“大运英才”创新创业项目。

摘　　要：【目的】精准条播育秧可提升机插秧苗素质与群体均匀度。本研究旨在阐明杂交稻条播育秧秧苗素质与机插产量间的关系,为构建高产群体提供理论依据。【方法】本研究选用籼粳杂交稻甬优1538为供试品种,设置3个条播规格(D1:16条,D2:18条,D3:20条)和3个每穴播种粒数(S1:3粒,S2:4粒,S3:5粒)处理。播种规格为每个秧盘横向播种40次,纵向播种次数与播种条数相对应。分析比较了不同处理下水稻的秧苗素质、群体分蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累、穗部性状、产量及其构成要素。【结果】(1)每穴播种粒数和播种条数越少,秧苗素质越高;秧苗素质提高有利于增加移栽后秧苗第2、第3叶位分蘖的发生比例和单株分蘖力;每穴播种粒数越高,群体成穗率越低。(2)每穴播种粒数相同条件下,降低播种条数使群体的叶面积指数和地上部干物质量增加;每穴播种粒数越多,群体收获指数越低。(3)减少每穴播种粒数,增加了每穗粒数,并对籽粒的结实率起到促进作用;通过减少播种条数能有效提高二次枝梗着粒的结实率。(4)降低播种条数可以使产量增加,D_(1)的平均产量较D_(2)、D_(3)分别提升5.0%、10.8%;每穴播种粒数为4粒时,群体产量较高,S_(2)的平均产量较S_(1)、S_(3)的分别提升6.0%、7.1%。(5)单株产量与秧苗充实度的相关性最高,秧苗充实度每提升1 mg/cm,单株产量提高13.94 g。【结论】壮秧能够提高机插秧苗低位分蘖的比例,秧苗充实度可作为判断秧苗素质的重要指标,降低播种量是促进壮秧的最有效措施。在相同基本苗下,机插壮秧提高了群体的叶面积指数和干物质积累量,通过提高有效穗数而获得高产。【Objective】Precision drill sowing improves the quality of machine-transplanted seedlings and enhances population uniformity.This study aims to clarify the relationship between seedling quality of hybrid rice under drill sowing and yield formation in mechanized transplanting,thereby guiding the establishment of high-yield populations.【Method】Using indica-japonica hybrid rice“Yongyou 1538”,three drill specifications(D1:16 rows,D2:18 rows,D3:20 rows)and three seed usages(seeds per hole,S1:3,S2:4,S3:5)were tested.Each seeding tray was sown 40 times horizontally,with vertical sowing times matching the drill number.Seedling quality,tillering dynamics,leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation,panicle traits,yield,and their components were analyzed.【Result】(1)Few drill rows and fewer seeds per hole improved seedling quality,promoting tillering at the 2nd and 3rd leaf positions.The more seeds per hole reduced productive panicle rate.(2)Fewer drills increased LAI and dry matter accumulation.Higher seeds per hole lowered harvest index.(3)Fewer seeds per hole increased grains per panicle and partially improved seed-setting rate.Fewer drills enhanced seed-setting rate of secondary branches.(4)D_(1)yield exceeded D_(2)and D_(3)by 5.0%and 10.8%,respectively;S_(2)(4 seeds per hole)yield surpassed S_(1) and S_(3) by 6.0%and 7.1%.(5)Yield correlated most strongly with seedling fullness(13.94 g increase per 1 mg/cm).【Conclusion】Robust seedlings enhance low-position tillering.Seedling fullness is a key indicator of seedling vigor,achievable through reduced seeding rates.Under identical basic seedlings,robust seedlings improve LAI and dry matter accumulation,increasing yield via productive panicles.

关 键 词：杂交稻 机插秧 秧苗素质 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]