氮肥运筹对优质杂交中稻产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Management Strategies on Yield and Grain Quality of High-quality Hybrid Mid-season Rice

作　　者：舒傲 解嘉鑫 曹威 周传名 李蓓蕾 陈嘉馨 李莉[1,2] 曹放波[1,2] 陈佳娜[1,2] 黄敏[1,2] SHU Ao;XIE Jiaxin;CAO Wei;ZHOU Chuanming;LI Beilei;CHEN Jiaxin;LI Li;CAO Fangbo;CHEN Jiana;HUANG Min(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Ministry of Education,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;National Rice Engineering Research Center,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Yong'an Town Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center,of Liuyang City,Liuyang 410323,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学国家水稻工程研究中心,长沙410128 [3]浏阳市永安镇农业农村综合服务中心,湖南浏阳410323

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2025年第2期255-263,共9页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-01-33)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确提高优质杂交中稻产量和品质的最佳氮肥运筹方式。【方法】于2022—2023年在湖南省浏阳市永安镇坪头村开展大田试验,以优质杂交稻珠两优570和华浙优261为试验材料,比较了不同氮肥运筹(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥分别为5∶2∶3,N1;4∶2∶4,N2;3∶2∶5,N3)下优质杂交中稻产量及产量构成、干物质生产和稻米品质的差异。【结果】供试品种的产量在N1处理下显著高于N2和N3,增产的主要原因是有效穗数和群体颖花量显著高于N2和N3。从物质生产来看,N1处理下的总干物质积累量显著高于N2和N3,总干物质的增加主要来源于分蘖期和幼穗分化期干物质积累量的显著增加。N1处理下的整精米率显著低于N2和N3,但整精米产量无显著差异。不同氮肥运筹间垩白粒率和垩白度无显著差异。N1处理下的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量均显著低于N2和N3。【结论】N1处理显著提高了优质杂交中稻的稻谷产量,同时保持了稳定的整精米产量,在维持较好外观品质的同时有利于食味品质的改善,是优质杂交中稻的最佳氮肥运筹方式。【Objective】The objective of this study was to identify the most suitable nitrogen(N)management strategy for improving the quality of premium hybrid mid-season rice.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted to compare the differences in yield and its components,biomass production,and grain quality of high-quality hybrid mid-season rice among three N split-application regimes at basal,early tillering,and panicle initiation stages(5:2:3,N1;4:2:4,N2;and 3:2:5,N3).【Results】The yield of N1 was significantly higher than that of N2 and N3 for the tested varieties,primarily due to a significant increase in the number of panicles and spikelets per square meter.In terms of biomass production,the total biomass accumulation for N1 was significantly greater than that for N2 and N3.This increase in total biomass mainly occurred during the tillering and panicle initiation stages.The head rice rate,amylose content,and protein content were significantly lower in N1 compared to N2 and N3;However,there was no significant difference in head rice yield.Additionally,no significant difference was observed in the chalky grain rate and chalkiness among different N management strategies.【Conclusion】These results suggest that for high-quality hybrid mid-season rice varieties,the N1 treatment significantly increases grain yield while maintaining a stable head rice yield.N1 also preserves superior appearance quality and is beneficial for improving eating quality.Therefore,N1 is identified as the optimal N management strategy for high-quality hybrid mid-season rice.

关 键 词：优质杂交中稻 氮肥运筹 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.32[农业科学—作物学]