行政检查信息公开的国家责任  

State Responsibility for the Disclosure of Administrative Inspection Information

作　　者：董浩洋 DONG Haoyang

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]南京传媒学院马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中德法学论坛》2023年第2期130-148,共19页

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金青年项目“数字政府时代行政方式变革的法治化研究(20CFX023)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为数字时代的治理工具,信息手段被广泛应用于现代行政的各个领域,而行政检查信息具有透明、补强、调控、稳定功能,有效地弥补了传统行政手段的不足。行政机关检查信息公开通过正、负面清单的形式使公众获悉了最新的社会风险动态,而被点名的负面对象的声誉由于信息传播的无形性、广泛性极易罹于异化,但行政机关无法确保信息公开行为的合法性、公开信息的正确性,被公开的相关企业的商誉因违法的信息公开行为可能遭受极难填平的损害,依国家责任法理,产生了行政赔偿责任。由于缺乏因信息引发的行政事实行为致害案例,加之在损害事实认定、因果关系证明上存在较大难度,信息相关人的权利无法得到有效保障,原有的国家责任制度设计使天平向“行政不赔偿”倾斜。故此,应在行政赔偿诉讼中引入“表见证明”机制,适当减轻信息相关人的举证责任,以实现企业经营自由权和信息公开蕴含的公共价值之间的平衡。As a governance tool in the digital age,information means are widely used in various fields of modern administration,and administrative inspection information has the functions of transparency,reinforcement,regulation and stability,which effectively makes up for the shortcomings of traditional administrative means.Administrative inspection information disclosure through the form of positive and negative lists to inform the public of the latest social risk dynamics,and the reputation of the named negative targets is easily alienated due to the intangibility and extensiveness of information dissemination,but the administrative agencies cannot ensure the legality of information disclosure and the correctness of the disclosed information,and the goodwill of the relevant enterprises being disclosed may suffer damage that is extremely difficult to remedy due to illegal information disclosure behaviors,and administrative compensation is generated according to the legal theory of state responsibility.Due to the lack of cases of harm caused by administrative factual acts caused by information,coupled with the difficulty in determining the damage facts and proving causality,the rights of information stakeholders cannot be effectively protected,and the original state responsibility system design tilts the balance towards“administrative non-compensation”.Therefore,the“apparent proof”mechanism should be introduced in administrative compensation litigation to appropriately reduce the burden of proof on information stakeholders,so as to achieve a balance between the right to operation freedom of enterprises and the public value implied by information disclosure.

关 键 词：行政检查信息公开 行政赔偿 违法 损害事实 因果关系 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]