论紧急避险的体系定位  

On the System Positioning of Necessity

作　　者：徐剑 XU Jian

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中德法学论坛》2023年第2期149-171,共23页

摘　　要：紧急避险体系定位理论包括统一理论和区分理论。在统一理论中,排除责任一元论和阻却违法一元论均因片面而不能恰当评价紧急避险不罚的原因,所以不应采纳。在区分理论中,由于刑罚排除事由说忽视在阶层犯罪论体系内给紧急避险出罪的可能,构成行为责任说会导致不合理地排除适用保安处分,刑事不法排除事由说存在笼统不细致的问题,所以这些区分理论均不应采纳。应当采纳阻却违法的紧急避险和免除责任的紧急避险的区分理论。阻却违法的紧急避险和免除责任的紧急避险在我国《刑法》第21条中均有规定。The theories of system positioning of necessity contain the unified theories and the differentiated theories.The unified theories can not properly explain the reasons why necessity leads to no criminal responsibility.So the unified theories should not be adopted.In the differentiated theories,the theories of Strafausschlie ungsgründe neglect the reasons why necessity can lead to no criminal responsibility being found in justification and excuse.The theories of Tatverantwortung may lead to unreasonably excluding applicable security measures.And there are oversimplified problems in the theories of Strafunrechtsausschlie ungsgründe.So these differentiated theories should not be adopted.The differentiated theories that contain justifying necessity and excusing necessity should be adopted.Article 21 of Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates justifying necessity and excusing necessity.

关 键 词：紧急避险 体系定位 统一理论 区分理论 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]