数字资本的“生成性剥削”:现实表征、运作机理及解构路径  

Generative Exploitation of Digital Capital:Realistic Representa⁃tion,Operational Mechanism and Deconstruction Path

作　　者：汤瑭 TANG Tang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期13-23,共11页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人工智能背景下马克思劳动价值论时代化研究”(24JZD028);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“AI时代马克思机器观的人学向度与当下启示研究”(24YJA720007)。

摘　　要：随着数字技术的迅速发展,资本主义剥削模式发生深刻转型,数字资本通过技术手段构建起一种新的剥削形式——生成性剥削。生成性剥削超越传统物质生产的剥削边界,通过数据监控、算法优化和平台控制,实现剥削对象的持续扩展、剥削过程的动态优化以及剥削结果的循环增殖。其运作机理依赖于外在的他者剥削与内在的自我剥削双重维度:数字资本通过数据掌控、算法优化及平台扩展等方式强化其控制力,利用激励机制、内卷竞争与欲望操控,使劳动者内化并自愿服从剥削逻辑。生成性剥削的本质在于基于全时空的技术基础,动态塑造并泛化劳动关系,实现剩余价值的持续占有与增殖。为此,需要从技术透明化、主体觉醒及异质空间的构建来反抗生成性剥削,进而打破技术黑箱,摆脱欲望控制,重塑劳动者的主体性。With the rapid development of digital technologies,the exploitation mode of capitalism has under-gone profound transformation.Digital capital has constructed a new form of exploitation—generative exploi-tation—through technical means.Generative exploitation transcends the boundaries of traditional material production,achieving a continuous expansion of the exploited subjects,dynamic optimization of the exploita-tion process,and cyclical proliferation of exploitation results through data surveillance,algorithm optimiza-tion,and platform control.Its operational mechanism relies on two dimensions:external exploitation of oth-ers and internal self-exploitation.Digital capital enhances its control through data mastery,algorithmic opti-mization,and platform expansion,utilizing incentive mechanisms,competitive intensification,and desire manipulation to force laborers into internalizing and voluntarily submitting to the logic of exploitation.The essence of generative exploitation lies in the dynamic shaping and generalization of labor relations based on a technological foundation that spans all time and space,enabling the continuous appropriation and proliferation of surplus value.To resist generative exploitation,it is necessary to promote technological transparency,fos-ter the awakening of subjectivity,and construct heterogeneous spaces,thereby breaking the technological black box,escaping desire manipulation,and reshaping the subjectivity of laborers.

关 键 词：数字资本 资本剥削 生成性剥削 自我剥削 数字资本主义 

分 类 号：F014.391[经济管理—政治经济学]