基于自适应特征提取的柴油机传动系振动识别  

Vibration identification of diesel engine transmission system based on adaptive feature extraction

作　　者：周启迪 王延荣 李志鹏 许春光 张忠伟 刘玉婷 Zhou Qidi;Wang Yanrong;Li Zhipeng;Xu Chunguang;Zhang Zhongwei;Liu Yuting(China North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300400,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国北方发动机研究所,天津300400 [2]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081

出　　处：《内燃机学报》2025年第2期183-191,共9页Transactions of CSICE

基　　金：基础产品创新科研资助项目(DeDP2023022)。

摘　　要：柴油机传动系振动信号特征具有强复杂性和干扰性,准确提取信号特征是柴油机振动识别的关键.针对变分模态提取(VME)方法在处理柴油机振动信号存在自适应性不足的问题,研究以重构分解信号与原始信号的相关性为约束条件,以四阶累积量为VME优化的判定指标,提出一种自适应VME(AVME)方法,并通过构建类似柴油机振动特征的模拟信号验证了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性.通过AVME方法对柴油机传动系振动信号进行自适应分解,基于时频分析和阶次谱分析发现柴油机传动系主要振动源为齿轮系啮合激励,对比轴系扭振和柴油机振动结果,轴系扭转共振导致了齿轮系的强啮合冲击,最后提出了通过联轴器和减振器匹配设计进行振动抑制的方案.The vibration signal characteristics of diesel engine transmission system have strong complexity and interference,accurate signal feature extraction is the key to diesel engine vibration identification.In response to the problem of insufficient adaptability of the variational mode extraction(VME)method in processing diesel engine vibration signals,an adaptive VME(AVME)method was proposed with the constraint of the correlation between the reconstructed decomposed signal and the original signal,and the fourth order cumulant was regarded as the judgment index for VME optimization.The accuracy and robustness of AVME were verified by constructing simu-lated signals.The vibration signal of a diesel engine was adaptively decomposed using the AVME method.It is found that the vibration source of the transmission system is the gear meshing excitation based on time-frequency analysis and order spectrum analysis.By comparing the results of the torsional vibration of the shaft system and the vibration of the diesel engine,the results show that the torsional resonance of the shaft system causes a strong meshing impact of the gear system.Finally,a vibration suppression scheme was proposed by matching design of the coupling and the shock absorber.

关 键 词：柴油机 振动识别 自适应特征提取 变分模态提取 

分 类 号：TK428[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]