职场算法监控下劳动者个人信息权益保护困境与出路——基于比例原则的分析路径  

Dilemmas and Solutions for the Protection of Laborers’Personal Information Rights and Interests under Algorithmic Monitoring in the Workplace:An Analytical Approach Based on the Proportionality Principle

作　　者：邓楚君 DENG Chujun(School of Law,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan Province,411100)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411100

出　　处：《山东工会论坛》2025年第2期83-95,共13页Shandong Trade Unions' Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“税收关系的公私法效力边界研究”(项目编号:21BFX117)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：劳动力、资本等传统生产要素向数字空间的转移,使得用人单位普遍运用算法赋能招聘、管理、决策等劳动管理的全流程。职场算法监控作为辅助用人单位行使管理权的手段之一,在客观上加深了用人单位对劳动者工作状况的掌握程度,提高了劳动监管效率。然而,形式中立的算法规则内嵌着用人单位经济效益最大化的底层逻辑,劳动者个人信息保护面临着职场算法监控的信息收集行为排斥劳动者的知情同意权、劳动者个人信息被过度收集的现实困境。比例原则作为控制处于强势地位的主体过度行使权利的工具性原则,可以为权利的正当行使提供有效的方法论指引与行为准则。比例原则的控权理念与限缩用人单位管理权的目标相契合,比例原则的平衡理念与劳资关系和谐发展的目标相契合,由此可纾解用人单位算法监控权与劳动者个人信息保护的冲突。比例原则适用职场算法监控的具体路径可从实体和程序两方面展开,在实体上,用人单位行使算法监控权应符合目的的实质关联性、必要限度的可控性,以及利益的均衡性;在程序上,用人单位使用算法监控应历经公示、同意、审查程序。The transfer of traditional production factors such as labor and capital to the digital realm has enabled employers to prevalently employ algorithms to empower the entire process of labor management,encompassing recruitment,management,and decision-making.Workplace algorithmic monitoring,as one of the means for employers to exercise their management rights,objectively enhances employers’grasp of workers’working conditions and boosts labor supervision efficiency.Nevertheless,ostensibly neutral algorithmic rules are inherently underpinned by the underlying logic of maximizing employers’economic benefits,posing a predicament where workers’personal information rights and interests protection confronts the information collection practices of workplace algorithmic monitoring that repudiate workers’right to informed consent and result in the excessive collection of workers’personal information.The principle of proportionality,serving as an instrumental principle for controlling the excessive exercise of rights by dominant entities,can offer effective methodological guidance and behavioral norms for the legitimate exercise of rights.The concept of power control within the principle of proportionality aligns with the objective of restricting employers’management rights,and the concept of balance in the principle of proportionality conforms to the goal of harmonious development of labor relations.Consequently,it can alleviate the conflict between employers’algorithmic monitoring rights and workers’personal information protection.The specific application of the principle of proportionality in workplace algorithmic monitoring can be unfolded from both substantive and procedural aspects.Substantively,the exercise of algorithmic monitoring rights by employers should conform to the substantive relevance of the purpose,the controllability of the necessary limit,and the equilibrium of interests.Procedurally,employers’utilization of algorithmic monitoring should undergo the processes of public announcement,conse

关 键 词：个人信息保护 劳动者保护 比例原则 算法监控 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]