露天矿穿孔倾角优化采矿技术应用研究  

Research on the application of optimized mining technology for open-pit mine perforation inclination angle

作　　者：林日宗 LIN Ri-zong(Zijin Mining Construction Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen,Fujian 361000)

机构地区：[1]紫金矿业建设有限公司,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《世界有色金属》2025年第2期112-115,共4页World Nonferrous Metals

摘　　要：紫金山露天矿要求采矿时,爆破后的粒径小于0.6m。在现有穿爆工况条件下,当台阶坡脚下方留有压渣时,会形成约45°台阶坡面角,从而导致底盘抵抗线过大,在台阶前方爆破时容易产生大块,爆破质量难以满足要求。为提高采矿效率,降低开采成本,紫金山露天矿对生产台阶穿孔倾角进行优化调整,分别以穿孔倾角为70°、60°开展穿孔倾角优化应用研究。当穿孔倾角为70°时,爆破后平均大块率为20.59%;穿孔倾角为60°时,爆破后平均大块率为7.99%,相比试验前下降12.6%,虽然炸药单耗由试验前0.382(kg/m^(3))提升至0.417(kg/m^(3))但是二次解小费用降低,铲装效率提升;本次试验研究表明,优化穿孔倾角可以明显改善爆破效果,降低采矿成本、提高采矿生产效率。The Zijinshan open-pit mine requires that the particle size after blasting be less than 0.6m during mining.Under the current blasting conditions,when there is pressure slag left at the foot of the step slope,a step slope angle of about 45° will be formed,resulting in a large resistance line of the chassis.When blasting in front of the step,large blocks are easily generated,and the blasting quality is difficult to meet the requirements.In order to improve mining efficiency and reduce mining costs,the Zijinshan open-pit mine optimized and adjusted the perforation inclination angle of the production steps,and conducted application research on perforation inclination angle optimization with perforation inclination angles of 70° and 60°,respectively.When the perforation angle is 70°,the average block rate after blasting is 20.59%;When the perforation angle is 60°,the average block rate after blasting is 7.99%,a decrease of 12.6% compared to before the experiment.Although the explosive consumption per unit has increased from 0.382(kg/m^(3)) before the experiment to 0.417(kg/m^(3)),the cost of secondary disassembly has decreased and the efficiency of shoveling has been improved;This experimental study shows that optimizing the perforation angle can significantly improve the blasting effect,reduce mining costs,and improve mining production efficiency.

关 键 词：露天矿山 采矿 炮孔倾角 爆破优化 

分 类 号：TD861.2[矿业工程—金属矿开采]