东北漫川漫岗黑土区坡耕地风水复合侵蚀时间接续特征  

Characteristics of temporal succession of compound erosion by wind and water on slope cropland in rolling hill regions with black soil in northeastern China

作　　者：杨文博 刘娜[1] 孙莉英[2,3] 冯子恒 蔡强国 YANG Wenbo;LIU Na;SUN Liying;FENG Ziheng;CAI Qiangguo(College of Bioengineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学生物工程学院,河南郑州450001 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程院重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期1-12,共12页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1500703);中国科学院A类先导项目课题(XDA28060308)。

摘　　要：复合侵蚀是东北漫川漫岗黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀最显著的特点,而风水复合侵蚀是坡耕地重要的复合侵蚀形式,加剧了坡耕地土壤侵蚀的危害性。在东北漫川漫岗黑土区选取试验坡耕地,基于野外气象条件、风力侵蚀和水力侵蚀观测,结合统计学方法揭示坡耕地风水复合侵蚀营力年内时间接续特征,分析复合营力季节交替作用下坡耕地风力侵蚀和水力侵蚀的年内时间接续特征。依据东北黑土区起沙风速(5 m/s)和侵蚀性降雨量(12 mm/d)确定了东北漫川漫岗黑土区坡耕地风力主导作用和降水主导作用的划分标准,并将坡耕地风水复合侵蚀营力年内时间接续作用划分为3个时期:风力主导Ⅰ期(3月中旬~7月中旬)、降雨主导期(7月中旬~10月上旬)、风力主导Ⅱ期(10月上旬~11月中旬)。风力主导Ⅰ期和风力主导Ⅱ期坡耕地侵蚀以风力侵蚀为主,风力主导Ⅰ期的风力侵蚀速率为432.9 g/m^(2),风力主导Ⅱ期的风力侵蚀速率为40.95 g/m^(2),监测期内坡耕地风力侵蚀地表风蚀蠕移约占92.95%;降雨主导期坡耕地以水力侵蚀为主,降雨主导期水力侵蚀速率为485.15 g/m^(2);在风水复合营力年内季节交替作用下,试验坡耕地风力侵蚀和水力侵蚀呈年内时间接续特征,降雨主导期水力侵蚀速率>风力主导Ⅰ期风力侵蚀速率>风力主导Ⅱ期风力侵蚀速率。Compound erosion by multiple forces is the most significant feature of soil erosion on slope cropland in rolling hill regions with black soil in northeastern China.Compound erosion by wind and water is one of the important erosion types to aggravate the effects of soil erosion on slope cropland.In this study,on the experimental slope cropland in rolling hill regions,field observations of meteorological conditions,wind erosion and water erosion,and statistical methods were used to reveal the intra-annual alteration of erosion forces on compound erosion by wind and water and to analyze the intra-annual temporal succession characteristics of wind erosion and water erosion.Based on the threshold of wind speed for sand saltation(5 m/s)and erosive rainfall amount(12 mm/d)in rolling hill regions with black soil in northeastern China,the criteria for dividing the wind-dominated force and rainfall-dominated force of complex erosion on the experimental slope cropland was determined.The alteration of erosion forces of compound erosion by wind and water on the experimental slope cropland was divided into three stages:wind-dominated periodⅠ(WDⅠ:Mid-March to Mid-July),rainfall-dominated period(RD:Mid July to Early October),wind-dominated periodⅡ(WDⅡ:Early October to Mid-November).Surface creep erosion by wind accounted for about 92.95%of the total erosion amount by wind on the experimental slope cropland.Wind erosion rate in wind-dominated period was calculated at 432.9 g/m^(2) in WDⅠand 40.95 g/m^(2) in WDⅡ.The rainfall erosion rate in rainfall-dominated period was estimated at 485.15 g/m^(2).The wind erosion and water erosion on the experimental slope cropland showed temporal succession characteristics with the intra-annual alternations of erosion forces,following the order of water erosion rate in RD>wind erosion rate in WDⅠ>wind erosion rate in WDⅡ.

关 键 词：东北黑土区 复合侵蚀 时间接续 风力侵蚀 水力侵蚀 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]