论超大型互联网平台的法律规制  

On Legal Regulation of Mega Internet Platforms

作　　者：丁晓东[1] Ding Xiaodong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京710062

出　　处：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2025年第1期94-108,共15页Science of Law:Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(23&ZD154)“当代中国数字法学基本范畴体系研究”。

摘　　要：超大型互联网平台的兴起,可能带来市场准入壁垒、自我优待、影响用户权利、决策机制不规范等问题,对平台的常态化监管提出了挑战。超大型互联网平台在具有企业性质的同时,具有市场制造者和准公权力特征。但简单地效仿欧盟《数字市场法》《数字服务法》,将超大型互联网平台作为市场基础设施和对其准公权力属性予以规制的方案也存在不足。事前的竞争中立规制可能导致过度规制与不合理规制,不符合竞争法的一般原理;准公权力规制可能存在形式主义、与平台责任基本原理不协调等问题。对超大型互联网平台进行常态化监管,应区分其在经济、社会、政治和国际领域的不同影响,对经济性影响采取竞争法规制,对社会性影响采取公私法协作的治理型规制,对政治性影响采取符合人民意志的代表性规制,对国际性影响应要求平台维护国家利益,承担构建人类命运共同体的责任。The rise of mega Internet platforms may bring about problems such as market access barriers, self-preferential treatment, impact on users' rights, and irregular decision-making mechanisms, posing challenges to the regular regulation of platforms. While being corporate in nature, mega Internet platforms are characterized as market makers and quasi-public powers. However, the option of simply following the EU's Digital Marketplace Act and Digital Services Act to regulate mega Internet platforms as market infrastructures and quasi-public powers is also deficient. Ex ante competition-neutral regulation may lead to over-regulation and unreasonable regulation, which is not in line with the general principles of competition law;quasi-public power regulation may have problems such as formalism and incongruity with the basic principles of platform liability. Regularized regulation of mega Internet platforms should differentiate between their different impacts in the economic, social, political and international spheres, adopting competition law regulation for economic impacts, governance-type regulation with public-private partnership for social impacts, representative regulation in line with the will of the people for political impacts, and requiring platforms to safeguard national interests and assume the responsibility of building a community of human destiny for international impacts.

关 键 词：数字守门人 竞争中立 平台权力 数字市场法 数字服务法 

分 类 号：D920.1[政治法律—法学]