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作 者:王利明[1] Wang Liming
机构地区:[1]中国人民大学法学院
出 处:《法商研究》2025年第1期20-38,共19页Studies in Law and Business
基 金:国家社会科学基金资助项目(23&ZD152)。
摘 要:《中华人民共和国民法典》第580条第2款即合同司法终止规则体现了合同司法终止的正当性,其旨在打破合同僵局,符合效率、诚信与公平原则。合同司法终止规则是建立在两大法系尊重合同和私法自治的价值共识基础上,通过系统总结《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》的规定和司法实践经验而确立的规则,在特殊情形下摆脱合同约束的场景中,可在当事人的自治与衡平、合同自由与合同正义之间形成妥当的平衡。合同司法终止规则不同于域外法中的履行不能情形下给付义务消灭规则,也有别于因重大事由终止合同规则。合同司法终止规则可适用于分割式商铺买卖合同纠纷等情形。从规则体系上看,合同司法终止规则是合同履行制度的组成部分,也是解决履行不能的重要路径。合同司法终止规则与情势变更规则、合同的法定解除规则存在明显区别,其适用具有独特的实体和程序条件。Article 580(2)of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,namely the judicial termination rules of contract,embodies its legitimacy by aiming to break the contractual deadlock and conforms to the principles of efficiency,integrity and fairness.These rules of contract are based on the value consensus of the two legal systems respecting contracts and the autonomy of private law,and are established by systematically summarizing the provisions of the Minutes of the National Court's Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference and judicial practice experience.In the scenario of getting rid of contract constraints under special circumstances,a proper balance can be formed between the autonomy of the parties and equity,between freedom of contract and justice of contract.The judicial termination rules of contract are different from the elimination of payment obligation when performance cannot be performed in extraterritorial law,and also different from the rules of termination of contract due to major causes.The judicial termination rules of contract can be applied to the cases of disputes over sales contracts of divided shops.From the perspective of the rule system,the judicial termination rules of contract is a part of the contract performance system and an important way to solve the problem of failure to perform.They are distinctly different from the doctrine of change of circumstances and the rules of statutory contract termination,with unique substantive and procedural conditions governing their application.
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