数据财产设权的知识产权进路  

The Intellectual Property Approach to Establishing Data Property Rights

作　　者：吕炳斌[1] Lyu Bingbin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2025年第1期78-91,共14页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(21BFX084)。

摘　　要：作为数字时代的一种新兴财产权,数据财产权不能凭空构建,而应以商业实践中的数据存在状态作为逻辑起点。商业实践中的大量数据受私人控制且处于保密状态,栖身于商业秘密保护之中。这是缺乏数据权利的专门保护制度、缺乏数据公开的法律保障下的无奈选择。数据保密可能造成数据保护力度过大、数据访问受阻以及“数据孤岛”和数据垄断等后果。人类社会需要一种激励和促进数据公开的法律制度。数据财产权可以充当此任。数据财产设权的目标不在于强化保护而在于促进公开,进而实现数据价值的网络效应。借鉴知识产权法的对价理论,数据财产设权可采取“以公开换权利”的进路。数据财产权以客体公开为前提,在体系上也将是一种与商业秘密相对应的法律制度。对实践中出现的数据“三权分置”可在知识产权视野下进行建构。Data property rights,as an emerging property right in the digital age,cannot be constructed from scratch,but should take the state of data existence in business practice as the logical starting point.A significant amount of data in business practice is privately controlled and kept confidential,residing within the realm of trade secret protection.This is an inevitable choice due to the absence of specialized protection systems for data rights and the lack of legal safeguards for data disclosure.The consequences of data secrecy include the risk of excessive protection,restricted data access,as well as"data silos"and data monopolies.Human society needs a legal regime that incentivises and promotes data disclosure.Data property rights can serve this purpose.The purpose of data property rights is not to strengthen protection,but to promote openness,thereby achieving the network effects of data value.Drawing on the consideration theory of intellectual property law,data property rights can be established through the approach of"exchanging rights for disclosure"'.Data property rights are premised on the disclosure of the object,and will also be a legal system corresponding to trade secrets.The tripartite division of data rights emerging in practice can be constructed under the vision of intellectual property rights.

关 键 词：数据财产权 商业秘密 知识产权 数据三权分置 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]