民事诉讼跨境直接证据调查的容许性  

Permissibility of Cross-border Direct Evidence Investigation in Civil Proceedings

作　　者：占善刚 Zhan Shangang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所 [2]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2025年第1期154-168,共15页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD820014)。

摘　　要：2023年9月1日修正的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》增设第284条,规定在同时满足“所在国法律不禁止”及“双方当事人同意”的条件下,受诉法院可以采取“即时通讯工具取证”等方式跨境直接进行证据调查。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》所新设的跨境直接证据调查与传统的通过司法协助进行证据调查处于平行序位,由受诉法院合目的性裁量适用。法院采取“即时通讯工具取证”等方式进行证据调查,并未改变其高权行为之性质,其正当性源于证据方法所在国的个别允诺或同意,仅“所在国法律不禁止”的条件并不充足。在未取得证据方法所在国同意的情形下,为避免可能的外交、政治争议及国际法后果,应谨慎适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第284条的规定。应立足于《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的意义对“双方当事人同意”的性质及效力作出合目的性解释,以保障当事人在跨境直接证据调查中的程序参与权和证据利益。Article 284 was added to the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China as amended on September 1,2023,which stipulates that if both conditions of"not prohibited by the law of the country where the evidence method is located"and"the consent of both parties"are satisfied,the respondent court may adopt"instant messenger evidence collection"as a means of cross-border evidence investigation.The new cross-border direct investigation of evidence in the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is in a parallel order to the traditional investigation of evidence through legal assistance,and the respondent court chooses to apply it in a purposive and discretionary manner.Conducting its evidentiary investigation by means of"instant messenger evidence collection"does not change the nature of its sovereign act,which is justified by the individual consent or agreement of the country where the evidence method is located,and the condition of"not prohibited by the law of the country where the evidence method is located"is not sufficient to satisfy the requirement of being justified.In the absence of the consent of the country in which the evidence method is located,article 284 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China should be applied with caution in order to avoid potential diplomatic and political controversies and consequences in international law.The nature and effect of"the consent of both parties"should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and in line with the purpose of the legislation,so as to safeguard the parties'right to procedural participation and evidentiary interests in cross-border direct evidence investigation.

关 键 词：跨境直接证据调查 主权原则 司法协助 自由证明 当事人同意 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]