氚剂量评估研究与应用现状  

The Current Status of Research and Application of Tritium Dose Assessment

作　　者：金涛 张璐 许清华 夏斌元 JIN Tao;ZHANG Lu;XU Qinghua;XIA Binyuan(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621908,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,四川绵阳621908

出　　处：《防化研究》2025年第1期1-13,共13页CBRN DEFENSE

摘　　要：氚是一种对人体有害的放射性核素,广泛存在于各种环境介质和核设施流出物中。为评价核设施工作场所或流出物中氚造成的辐射风险,估计氚摄入对相关人员造成的危害,需要对其进行剂量评估。氚的剂量评估对象主要分为两类:一类为在涉氚场所中直接接触氚的工作人员,另一类为涉氚场所周边环境中的公众。工作人员的剂量一般基于工作场所氚监测数据或尿氚监测数据进行评估,而公众的剂量则利用环境输送模式和剂量学模式两种方法进行评估。本文介绍了对工作人员和公众的氚辐射剂量评估方法,分析其应用场景和现状,并对这些剂量评估方法的研究进展进行了综述。Tritium is a radioactive nuclide harmful to the human body,which is widely present in various environmental media and effluents from various nuclear facilities.In order to evaluate the radiation risk caused by tritium in the workplace or effluents of nuclear facilities and estimate the hazards caused by the ingestion of tritium by relevant personnel,it is necessary to conduct tritium dose assessment.The objects of tritium dose assessment are mainly divided into two categories,one is the workers who are directly exposed to tritium in tritium-related sites,and the other is the public living in the surrounding environment of tritium-related sites.The dose assessment of workers is generally based on on-site monitoring data in the workplace or urine tritium monitoring data,while the dose assessment methods for the public include environmental transport model and dosimetry model.This paper introduced various tritium dose assessment methods for workers and the public,respectively,and analyzed their application scenarios and current status,and reviewed the research progress of these dose assessment methods.

关 键 词：氚 内照射剂量 剂量评估 

分 类 号：TL72[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]