马克思恩格斯论中国的视域下西方现代化路径批判  

Critique of the Western Modernization Path from the Perspective of Marx and Engels'Viewpoint on China

作　　者：汪盛玉 WANG Shengyu(School of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期21-28,共8页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：教育部专项项目“全国高校思政课手拉手集体备课中心”(21SZJS340371012);安徽省哲学社会科学规划重点项目“人民主体观视域下安徽乡村推进中国式现代化路径研究”(AHSKD2024D010)。

摘　　要：真正的社会现代化是人的现代化。西方现代化是资本的现代化,是人的片面发展的现代化,是造成社会动荡和冲突的现代化。对于西方现代化本质规定的深刻认识,内蕴于马克思和恩格斯长期关注中国问题的理论视域之中。马克思恩格斯对西方现代化路径所进行的深刻批判,是一针见血的,也是一分为二的。在马克思恩格斯看来,先发现代化的西方国家与后发现代化的东方民族并不是天然的矛盾对立面,而是社会生产力发展的具体表现。同时,资本的现代化与人的现代化之间的张力在现实的社会制度中具有个性化体现,只有生产资料所有制符合人的全面发展要求,资本的现代化才能真正有利于促进人的现代化。批判是为了更好的建构,中国式现代化在反思和超越西方现代化的语境中必然始终朝着坚持人民至上的方向不断深化和推进,始终把维护全体人民的根本利益、促进全体人民的共同富裕和实现全体人民的现代化发展作为奋斗目标。Social modernization in its true essence entails the modernization of individuals.Conversely,Western modernization focuses on the modernization of capital,promoting unilateral human development and fostering social unrest and conflicts.Marx and Engels,who have long exhibited concern for Chinese issues,possess a profound understanding of the fundamental traits of Western modernization within their theoretical framework.Their incisive and dialectical critique of the Western modernization trajectory elucidates that early-modernized Western countries and later-modernized Eastern nations are not inherently adversarial but rather reflect specific stages in the evolution of social productive forces.Furthermore,the tension between capital modernization and individual modernization manifests distinctly within actual societal systems.Capital modernization can genuinely contribute to advancing individual modernization only when the ownership of the means of production aligns with the prerequisites for comprehensive human development.Critique serves as a catalyst for better construction.As China reflects upon and transcends the context of Western modernization,Chinese-style modernization will undoubtedly continue to evolve and progress,always prioritizing the people,safeguarding the fundamental interests of all,fostering common prosperity,and achieving comprehensive modernized development for all.

关 键 词：马克思恩格斯论中国 先发现代化 后发现代化 资本的现代化 人的现代化 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]