全面抗战爆发前南京国民政府与英国关于整理积欠旧债之交涉  

Negotiations between the Nanjing National Government and Britain on the Reorganization of Accumulated Debts before the Outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan

作　　者：王钊 WANG Zhao(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期95-105,共11页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“英国藏中国共产党抗日根据地档案收集整理与研究(2024CZS099)”;中国社会科学院登峰战略项目(DF2023ZD17)。

摘　　要：中英旧债是南京国民政府积欠外债的重要组成部分。1929年7月,英国政府提出了整理中英旧债的全盘方案,尤重按原合同规定足额偿付铁路旧债。南京国民政府以财政困难为由,拒绝足额偿付旧债,要求将各国旧债以新的条件合并整理。中英双方存在分歧,旧债整理进展缓慢。1934年白银风潮爆发后,中国政府财政危机加剧,需举借更多外债,同时英国在华经济利益受到冲击,双方均有意尽快整理旧债。1935年李滋罗斯访华及英国的中国债券持有人委员会建立后,中英旧债整理进度加快,英方同意减免部分积欠利息与减低部分未付利息,中方则明确承担还款义务,并以关税做还债担保。津浦与湖广两铁路旧债顺利完成整理,成为其他旧债整理的模板。全面抗战爆发前,中英大部分旧债都得到整理。整理旧债交涉中,英国坚持务实的原则,尽力减少损失。整理中英旧债有助于国民政府恢复债信,减轻债务压力,争取更多的对英借款。The old debt to Britain was a significant part of the Nanjing National Government's foreign debt.In July 1929,the British government proposed a plan to clear old debts,stressing full repayment of railway debts as per the original contract.However,the Nanjing National Government,citing financial hardships,refused full repayment and aimed to restructure old debts of various countries under new terms.Due to differences,debt consolidation progressed slowly.After the 1934 Silver Wave,the Chinese government's financial crisis worsened,needing more foreign loans,while British economic interests in China were hit.Both sides then desired quick debt settlement.After Leith-Ross's 1935 visit to China and the establishment of the Chinese Bondholders Committee,the process sped up.The British side cut some outstanding and unpaid interest,and the Chinese side committed to repayment,using tariffs as collateral.The Jinpu and Huguang railway debts were successfully sorted out,setting an example for others.Before the full-scale War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,most of the old debt to Britain was cleared.In the negotiation,Britain adopted a pragmatic approach to minimize losses.It help the Nationalist government restored its creditworthiness,alleviated debt pressure,and sought for more borrowing from the UK.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 英国 整理旧债 中国债券持有人委员会 

分 类 号：K561.6[历史地理—历史学]