教育扩张政策与少数民族的教育收益率:收入效应与分配效应  

Educational Expansion Policy and Educational Returns of Ethnic Minorities:Income Effect and Distribution Effect

作　　者：方超[1,2] FANG Chao(School of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu;Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023 [2]杭州国际城市学研究中心,杭州311121

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期116-124,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“教育推动人口红利向人才红利转变的关键路径研究”(VGA240001)。

摘　　要：利用中国家庭收入调查数据(2019),实证检验了公共教育扩张政策对少数民族教育收益率的影响。(1)利用普通最小二乘法发现,少数民族劳动力的义务教育和大学教育收益率为43.6%和61.7%,高于汉族劳动力的35.6%和47.3%;(2)利用工具变量的第一阶段回归发现,义务教育改革和高校扩招政策大幅实现了不同民族的教育人力资本积累,但少数民族接受义务教育和大学教育的概率值比汉族低4.6和0.3个百分点;(3)第二阶段回归则发现教育扩张政策具有极强的社会经济价值,少数民族劳动力的大学教育收益率高于汉族,表明高等教育更好地的促进少数民族的个体增收;(4)利用无条件分位数回归进行异质性检验,发现教育扩招政策的收入分配效应存在差异,义务教育改革扩大了少数民族的组内工资差异,高校扩招政策具有具收收入收均等化的作用。Using the data of CHIP 2019,this paper empirically tests the impact of public education expansion policy on the return rate of minority education.(1)it is found that the return rate of compulsory education and college education of ethnic minority labor force is 43.6%and 61.7%,which is higher than 35.6%and 47.3%of Han labor force using the method of OLS;(2)Using the first stage regression of IV,it is found that the compulsory education reform and college enrollment expansion policy have significantly realized the accumulation of educational human capital of different ethnic groups,while the probability of ethnic minorities receiving compulsory education and college education is 4.6 and 0.3 percentage points lower than that of Han nationality;(3)The second stage regression found that the education expansion policy has a strong socio-economic value,while the university education return rate of ethnic minority labor force is higher than that of Han nationality,indicating that higher education can better promote the individual income of ethnic minorities;(4)Using UQR to test the heterogeneity,it is found that there are differences in the income distribution effect of education enrollment expansion policy.The reform of compulsory education has expanded the intra-group wage difference of ethnic minorities,while the enrollment expansion policy of colleges and universities has the effect of income equalization.

关 键 词：教育扩张政策 教育收益率 少数民族 收入分配 人力资本 

分 类 号：F062.6[经济管理—政治经济学]