长江上游珍稀特有鱼类资源的栖息地生境特征及增殖放流点优化  

Habitat Characteristics and Optimization of Proliferation and Releasing Points for Rare and Endemic Fish Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：赵亮 赵文贵[1] 成江 胡胜利 赵志超 刘国旺 ZHAO Liang;ZHAO Wen-gui;CHENG Jiang;HU Sheng-li;ZHAO Zhi-chao;LIU Guo-wang(Wudongde Hydropower Plant of China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 651500,China;Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning Design and Research Corporation,Wuhan 430014,China;Changjiang Ecological Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江电力股份有限公司乌东德水力发电厂,昆明651500 [2]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,武汉430014 [3]湖北中水长江生态保护研究院有限公司,武汉430072

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2025年第3期68-75,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：中国长江电力股份有限公司资助项目(Z522302013)。

摘　　要：长江上游地区的水库建设、河道改道、堤防修建和水文调节等人类活动对鱼类栖息地造成了严重影响,导致栖息环境恶化和大量栖息地的丧失。为了深入了解这种情况,选取长江上游保护区中段典型代表性朱沱站中4个典型河流断面近3 a的生境数据,分析典型断面的水文特征、水文情势、水环境质量、流速、水深以及珍稀特有鱼类空间分布特征,获取全面的鱼类生境特征数据。基于分析结果,提出建设完善的珍稀特有鱼类增殖放流措施。研究发现,99%的珍稀特有鱼类信号采集于低流速区(0.0~1.4 m/s),其中80%左右的鱼类聚集在流速低于0.8 m/s的缓流区;在冬季越冬期间,鱼群位置点的水深平均值为44.28 m,最小值为15 m,最大值为57.47 m。长江上游的绝对水深在23~56 m之间时,不足以提供鱼类栖息。但在蓄水期,水位抬高进而在同时满足流速、水深和干扰少等条件下,能够改善珍稀特有鱼类的生存环境。通过研究长江上游珍稀特有鱼类资源的生境特征,可以更好地了解鱼类的分布和迁徙规律,辅助合理规划和管理渔业资源。同时,研究增殖措施可以指导人工放流等管理行为,有助于恢复和增强鱼类种群,维持渔业可持续发展。Human activities,including reservoir construction,river diversion,embankment construction,and hydrological regulation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,have severely impacted fish habitats,causing environmental degradation and substantial habitat loss.To gain deeper insights into this issue,we selected habitat data over the past three years from four typical river sections at Zhutuo Station,which is in the middle part of the Yangtze River protection zone.We analyzed the hydrological features,water environment quality,flow velocity,water depth,and spatial distribution patterns of rare and endemic fish species to comprehensively characterize fish habitats.Based on the analysis results,we propose to establish comprehensive measures for the proliferation and release of rare and endemic fish species.Our research shows that 99%of the rare and endemic fishes aggregate in areas with flow velocities of 0.0-1.4 m/s,among which approximately 80% gather in slow-flow zones with velocities below 0.8 m/s.During the wintering period,the average water depth where fishes gather is 44.28 meters,with a minimum of 15 meters and a maximum of 57.47 meters.When the absolute water depth in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River ranges from 23 to 56 meters,it fails to provide suitable fish habitats.However,during the water-storage period,raising the water level can improve the living conditions of rare and endemic fish species while meeting requirements for flow velocity,water depth,and minimal interference.Studying the habitat characteristics of rare and endemic fish resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River enables us to better understand fish distribution and migration patterns,facilitating the rational planning and management of fishery resources.Simultaneously,researching proliferation measures can guide management actions such as artificial release,aiding in the restoration and enhancement of fish populations and ensuring the sustainable development of fisheries.

关 键 词：长江上游 珍稀特有鱼类 生境特征 鱼类栖息地 增殖途径 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]