基于数据类型与特性的数据权利配置架构  

The Allocation Framework of Data Rights Based on Data Types and Characteristics

作　　者：邵鑫宇 高富平[2,3] SHAO Xinyu;GAO Fuping

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院 [2]华东政法大学 [3]华东政法大学数据法律研究中心

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(法学版)》2025年第1期14-26,共13页Journal of Soochow University:Law Edition

摘　　要：数据时代,智能系统等大数据技术的革新改变了数据的价值实现机制,使数据成为了新生产要素。随着数据完成从“副产品”到生产要素的转变,亟待解决的就是数据权利的配置问题。“公地性”理论和“治理——排他策略”理论为数据权利配置提供了理论支撑。数据从“副产品”到生产要素进而转化为社会新质生产力的数据价值实现周期中呈现出了不同的数据类型,包括数据资源、数据要素和数据产品。界定不同数据类型的公地性旨在明确,在数据权利配置架构中是否可以为相关主体配置完全控制特定类型数据的积极性权利。本文以数据类型与特性为基础,为数据权利配置提供了一种分析建构的视角及路径。通过数据访问权、数据来源者权和数据财产权的权利配置架构,构建权衡化解各利益价值冲突且适于数据价值实现的协调治理机制,实现数据开放流通与相关者利益保护。In the data era,advancements in big data technologies,particularly intelligent systems,have reshaped the value-realisation mechanisms for data,transforming it into a new factor of production.As data shifts from being a by-product to a core production resource,the allocation of data rights has become an urgent issue that requires addressing.The Commons and the Governance—Exclusion strategy theory provides theoretical support for the data rights framework.Various types of data,including data resources,data factors,and data products,have emerged during the data value-realisation process,which progresses from by-product to production factor,ultimately evolving into a New Qualitative Productivity.Defining the commonality of different data types is crucial to understanding whether it is feasible to allocate proactive rights,granting relevant entities full control over specific types of data within the framework of data rights allocation.Based on the types and characteristics of data,this article provides an analytical and constructive perspective on the allocation of data rights.Through the rights allocation framework that includes data access rights,data originator rights,and data property rights,a coordinated governance mechanism can be established.This mechanism would effectively balance and resolve conflicts among diverse interests and values,facilitating both the open circulation of data and the protection of relevant stakeholders’interests.

关 键 词：数据权利配置 数据类型 数据特性 数据价值实现 新质生产力 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]