《民法典》第998条的证明责任逻辑  

Logic of Burden of Proof in Article 998 of the Civil Code

作　　者：邓文浩 DENG Wenhao

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(法学版)》2025年第1期40-52,共13页Journal of Soochow University:Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家治理体系中民事执行现代化研究”(项目编号:20&ZD195);重庆市研究生科研创新项目“个人信息保护民事公益诉讼制度研究”(项目编号:CYS22283)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在框架性人格权侵权责任成立与否的认定中,《民法典》第998条中动态系统论的适用将冲击现行证明责任规则。若由第998条中的衡量要素代替《民法典》第1165条中的构成要件发挥作用,规范说便难以适用进而形成一种证明责任自由裁量模式,该模式将导致诉讼构造错位并有损当事人的程序保障。事实上,第998条中的衡量要素是框架性人格权侵权责任内部法原理的具象化,可作为第1165条中规范性构成要件价值补充的指引,规范说由此仍可适用。受害人应对规范性构成要件的评价根据要素和事实承担证明责任,评价妨碍要素和事实则由行为人证明。法官需根据已获证明的衡量要素及事实来提取法原理,并按照重力公式判断规范性构成要件是否成立。同时应缓和适用过剩主张禁止原则并明确法官的释明义务,以保障规范说下《民法典》第998条的妥善适用。In the verification for the tort liability of the frame personality right,the application of dynamic system theory in article 998 of the Civil Code will affect the current rules of burden of proof.If the factors in Article 998 replaces constitutive elements in Article 1165 of the Civil Code,it would be difficult for the Normative Theory to be applied,thus forming a discretion model on burden of proof.The application of this model will lead to the misfit of litigation and damage the procedural guarantee of the parties.In fact,the factors in Article 998 is the embodiment of the law principles of the tort liability for frame personality right,which could be used as the guide for the normative constitutive elements value-add in Article 1165.Accordingly,,the normative theory shall be applicable.The victim should bear the burden of broof of normative constitutive element,and the evaluation of factors should be proved by the actor.The judge should extract the law principles according to the proved factors and facts,and measure whether the normative constitutive element and tort liability has been established according to the gravity formula.Therefore,in order to ensure the application of Article 998 of the Civil Code under the normative theory,the principle of excess claim prohibition should be easily applied,and the obligation of elucidation of the judge should be clarified.

关 键 词：动态系统论 规范性构成要件 证明责任 框架性人格权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]