合同订立中的第三人责任——以《民法典合同编通则司法解释》第5条为中心  

The Third-Party’s liability in Contract Formation——Centered around Article 5 of The Interpretation of General Principles of Chapter of Contract of Civil Code

作　　者：张红 孙悦 ZHANG Hong;SUN Yue

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(法学版)》2025年第1期89-100,共12页Journal of Soochow University:Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾之大调解制度研究”(项目编号:20AZD083)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：合同订立过程中第三人过错行为的类型错综复杂,对第三人责任的认定不可一概而论。第三人违反信赖保护义务侵害信赖利益应承担缔约过失责任,违反一般安全保护义务应承担侵权责任,二者互为补充。《民法典合同编通则司法解释》第5条对合同订立中第三人的赔偿责任予以了规定,但需明确缔约过失责任的承担不以当事人行使撤销权为前提,第三人缔约过失责任与缔约当事人责任之分担,应依二者是否存在共同过错以及对损害发生的原因力大小,判定二者承担连带责任、按份责任或补充责任。第三人实施胁迫行为使缔约当事人违背真意订立合同,或者第三人侵害缔约关系,致使缔约当事人终止或中断缔约行为的,应承担侵权责任。The types of misconduct by third parties during the process of contract formation are intricate and complex,thus,the nature of third-party liability cannot be generalized.The third party who violates the obligation of trust protection and infringes upon the trust interests shall bear the liability for culpa in contrahendo.While the third party shall bear the liability for infringement,if they breach the duty of general safety protection.These two responsibilities complement each other.Article 5 of the Interpretation of the General Principles of Chapter of Contract of Civil Code provides for the compensation liability of third parties in the process of contract formation.However,it is necessary to clarify that the assumption of contractual negligence liability does not depend on the exercise of the right of rescission by the parties.And the allocation of liability between the third party and the contracting parties should be determined based on whether both parties share responsibility and the extent of each party’s contribution to the damage.This assessment determines whether joint liability,proportional liability,or supplementary liability is appropriate.If a third party coerces the contracting parties into entering a contract against their true intentions,or engages in fraudulent or coercive behavior that disrupts the contractual relationship and leads to its termination or interruption,the third party should be held liable for tortious conduct.

关 键 词：民法典合同编通则司法解释 第三人责任 欺诈 胁迫 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]