德国刑法中的财产保护:源流、现状与展望  

Protection of Property in German Criminal Law:Origins,Current Status,and Prospects

作　　者： 邹宏建(译) 马寅翔(校)[5] ELISA Hoven;ZOU Hongjian(Translator);MA Yinxiang(Proofreader)

机构地区：[1]德国莱比锡大学 [2]上海社会科学院法学研究所 [3]华东政法大学 [4]埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学 [5]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(法学版)》2025年第1期152-168,共17页Journal of Soochow University:Law Edition

基　　金：国家留学基金委2023年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(留金选[2023]49号);国家社会科学基金一般项目“法域协调视域下权利滥用行为的刑法评价研究”(项目编号:22BFX039)资助。

摘　　要：德国刑法中的财产保护主要以1851年生效的?普鲁士刑法典?为历史基础。20世纪后,随着信息技术的不断发展,股份、期待权或知识产权日益获得经济上的重视。与此相适应,通过出台相关法案,德国刑法对于财产的保护范围不断更新。直至今日,关注财产的刑事保护仍然具有重大意义。从所有权和占有的角度考察财产保护可以发现,对于所有权的保护涉及所有权人不受限制地对于物的支配可能性,而对于占有的保护则是碎片化和不一致的。就财产概念而言,无论是学界还是司法实践仍未形成共识,各种理论均有不足。纵观保护财产的各个犯罪构成,均具有“间接家长主义”和“累积的保护目的”两大特点。在?德国刑法典?中,财产的刑事保护并未形成一个无矛盾的体系,难以在有效避免处罚范围重叠的同时,防止遗留处罚漏洞。未来,德国刑法应进一步强化对保障有关财产的制度的保护,并加强对造成抽象财产损失危险行为的处罚。Protection of property in German criminal law is historically based primarily on the Prussian Criminal Code,which was promulgated in 1851.Since the twentieth century,with the continuous development of information technology,shares,options,and intellectual property have increasingly gained economic significance.Correspondingly,through the enactment of relevant legislation,the scope of property protection in German criminal law has been continually updated.To this day,the criminal protection of property remains of significant importance.Examining property protection from the perspectives of ownership and possession reveals that protection of ownership involves the owner’s unrestricted ability to dispose of the property,whereas protection of possession is fragmented and inconsistent.Regarding the concept of property,neither academia nor judicial practice has reached a consensus,and various theories have their shortcomings.Across all criminal elements protecting property,they all exhibit two main characteristics:“indirect paternalism”and“cumulative protective objectives”.In the German Criminal Code,the criminal protection of property has not formed a coherent system,making it difficult to effectively avoid overlapping sanctions while preventing residual gaps in punishment.In the future,German criminal law will further strengthen the protection of systems safeguarding property and enhance the penalties for behaviors that pose a risk of causing abstract property loss.

关 键 词：财产犯罪 盗窃罪 所有权 财产损失 诈骗罪 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]