不同海拔梯度下土壤碳矿化的特征及其关键影响因子探究  

Exploration of Characteristics and Key Influencing Factors of Soil Carbon Mineralization across Different Altitudinal Gradients

作　　者：李彦林 杨霜溶 陈杨洋 LI Yanlin;YANG Shuangrong;CHEN Yangyang(Chongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Chongqing 402160,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆文理学院化学与环境工程学院,重金属废水资源利用重庆市重点实验室,重庆402160

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第3期96-104,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32101394);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202101319)。

摘　　要：为探明高山丘陵区土壤碳矿化过程在不同海拔的变化特征及其关键影响因子,该研究以重庆涪陵分水岭土壤为研究对象,测定了5个不同海拔梯度(300、600、900、1200、1500 m)土壤碳矿化量及相关的土壤非生物因子(温度、pH、含水率、养分含量)和生物因子(土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量),并对其变化规律及相关性进行了分析。结果显示:(1)不同海拔梯度土壤非生物因子温度随海拔升高而降低,pH和含水率无明显垂直分布差异,土壤总氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)、总磷(TP)、速效磷(AP)、总钾(TK)、速效钾(AK)含量均随海拔梯度的升高先增加后减小,在海拔600 m处达到峰值;(2)不同海拔梯度土壤生物因子脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤养分表现出一样的变化趋势,而土壤过氧化氢酶活性随海拔梯度的变化差异不显著(P>0.05),土壤细菌、真菌数量随海拔梯度的升高先增加后减小,在海拔600 m处达到最大值,放线菌数量随海拔梯度升高而增加,并在海拔1500 m处达到最大值;(3)不同海拔梯度土壤碳矿化速率基本上呈现先升高后下降的变化规律,累积碳矿化量在海拔600 m最高,海拔梯度与土壤碳矿化量及土壤生态因子显著相关;(4)不同海拔梯度下土壤碳矿化量与土壤非生物因子TN、TP、TK、AN、AP以及生物因子细菌数量、真菌数量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性极显著正相关。综上,涪陵分水岭地区不同海拔梯度下,土壤非生物因子和生物因子共同作用驱动土壤碳矿化过程,研究结果对长江流域不同海拔高山土壤有机碳循环及土壤植被恢复与管理具有重要意义。To investigate the variation characteristics and key influencing factors of soil carbon mineralization processes across different altitudes in high mountain and hilly areas,with the soil of Fuling watershed in Chongqing as the research object,this paper determined soil carbon mineralization and related abiotic factors(temperature,pH,water content,nutrient content)and biotic factors(soil enzyme activity,soil microbial population)from 5 different altitudes(300,600,900,1200,1500 m),and analyzed their variation patterns and correlations.The results showed that the soil abiotic factor temperature decreased with increasing altitude across different altitude gradients,while there were no significant vertical distribution differ⁃ences in pH and water content.The content of total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK),and available potassium(AK)in soil at different altitude gradients showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of altitude gradient,reaching a peak at an altitude of 600 m.The activities of soil urease and sucrase showed the same trend of change as soil nutrients,while the difference in soil catalase activity with altitude gradient was not significant(P>0.05).The numbers of soil bacteria and fungi shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of altitude gradient,reaching its maximum value at an altitude of 600 m,while the number of actinomycetes increases with the increase of altitude gradient,reaching its maximum value at an altitude of 1500 m.The rate of soil carbon mineralization in different altitude gradients shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest cumulative carbon mineralization at an altitude of 600 m.Altitude gradients were significantly correlated with soil carbon mineralization and soil ecological factors.Soil carbon mineralization at different altitude gradients was significantly positively correlated with soil abiotic factors such as TN,TP,TK,AN,

关 键 词：海拔梯度 土壤碳矿化 土壤非生物因子 土壤生物因子 重庆分水岭 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]