铵态氮肥对土壤Cd有效态及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Ammonium Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Available Cd and Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：李勤椿 许凡萍 LI Qinchun;XU Fanping(School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Engineering,Yongzhou 425199,China;College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Hunan University of Science and Engineering,Yongzhou 425199,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院土木与环境工程学院,湖南永州425199 [2]湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,湖南永州425199

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第3期115-123,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学青年基金项目(2022JJ40156);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0797);2024年度湖南省普通高校青年骨干教师培养项目(湘教通[2024]185号);湖南科技学院应用特色学科建设项目。

摘　　要：为探究氮肥对污染土壤Cd有效态及土壤酶活性的影响,该文采用人工配制污染土和野外污染土壤作为研究对象,添加不同浓度梯度(0.2%、1%、5%和10%)的铵态氮肥NH_(4)Cl和(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),研究氮添加对Cd的CaCl_(2)和TCLP提取态含量及土壤酶活性的动态影响,旨在为合理选择施加氮肥调控措施修复污染土壤提供科学依据。结果表明,氮肥的添加显著降低了土壤pH值,而土壤Cd的CaCl_(2)和TCLP提取态含量显著增加(P<0.05),通过合理选择氮肥种类和施用时间,能够减少对土壤的负面影响。在人工配制土壤中,过氧化氢酶活性随氮肥添加量增加而显著降低(P<0.05),TCLP提取态Cd含量与脱氢酶活性呈显著负相关(R^(2)=-0.67,P<0.05)。在野外污染土壤中,脲酶活性受氮肥添加的影响显著,土壤脲酶活性与土壤Cd的CaCl_(2)提取态含量呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.05)。因此,通过科学的氮肥管理,可以减少土壤污染,提高土壤质量,促进农业可持续发展。To investigate the effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)and soil enzymatic activity in contaminated soils,this study utilized both artificially and field-contaminated soils.Various concentrations(0.2%,1%,5%and 10%)of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers NH_(4)Cl and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) were introduced to assess the influence of these nitrogen sources on the dynamics of Cd extractable by CaCl_(2) and toxic characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP),as well as on soil en⁃zyme activity.The findings aim to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable selection and application of nitrogenous fertiliz⁃ers in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.The result showed that the application of nitrogenous fertilizers significantly reduced the soil pH value and the concentrations of CaCl_(2)-Cd and TCLP-Cd in soils were significantly increased(P<0.05).By reasonably selecting the type of nitrogen fertilizer and application time,the negative impact on the soil can be reduced.In artificially contaminated soils,the catalase activity decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer addition(P<0.05),and the TCLP-Cd concentrations content was negatively correlated with the dehydrogenase activities(R^(2)=-0.67,P<0.05).In the field-contaminated soils,the urease activity was markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizer addition,with a significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and the CaCl_(2)-Cd concentrations(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.05).Therefore,through scientific nitrogen management,we can mitigate soil pollution,boost soil fertility,and promote the sustainable advancement of agriculture.

关 键 词：氮肥 镉 生物有效性 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]