基于数值模拟的矿区地下水污染治理方案评价  

Evaluation of Remediation Schemes for Groundwater Pollution in Mining Areas Based on Numerical Simulation

作　　者：王琪 王清 李龙媛 王宁涛 李梦茹[3,4] 杨淮水 宁晖 刘亚磊 江聪 WANG Qi;WANG Qing;LI Longyuan;WANG Ningtao;LI Mengru;YANG Huaishui;NING Hui;LIU Yalei;JIANG Cong(Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-environment Sciences(Provincial Ecological Environment Engineering Assessment Center),Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment and Environmental Health Risk Prevention and Control,Wuhan 430072,China;Wuhan Geological Survey Center(Zhongnan Geological Technology Innovation Center),Wuhan 430205,China;Geological Safety Risk Monitoring and Prevention Technology Innovation Base of Central South Region,China Geological Society,Wuhan 430205,China;Geological Survey Institute,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;College of Environment,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省生态环境科学研究院(省生态环境工程评估中心),湖北武汉430072 [2]污染损害评估与环境健康风险防控湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心),湖北武汉430205 [4]中国地质学会中南地区地质安全风险监测预警与防控技术创新基地,湖北武汉430205 [5]中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074 [6]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第3期144-154,共11页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42002262);长江流域重点区生态地质调查项目(DD20230093);中国地质调查局项目(DD20221777,DD20190315);宜昌市长江生态环境保护技术与方案研究项目(2019-LHYJ-01-0208-25)。

摘　　要：文章基于三峡库区上游香溪河流域广洞湾矿区水文地质调查资料,对矿区的地下水流动特征及其涌水量影响因素进行了系统分析,并以此为基础利用GMS软件建立地下水流动模型。通过数值模拟,评估了3种源头治理措施(垂向防渗帷幕、清水引流、矿硐封堵)在不同降雨条件下对矿硐涌水量的削减效果。研究结果表明:(1)构建的地下水数值模型模拟的矿硐流量和水位与实测数据相差较小,能够准确地反映矿区地下水补径排的实际情况;(2)在施加单项措施的情况下,填补塌陷坑及卸荷裂隙措施阻隔了巷道垂向补给的优势通道,治理效果最佳,酸性废水排放削减率达到了34.9%~54.7%,其次为清水引流措施,削减率为25.2%~45.6%,垂向防渗帷幕措施效果最差,仅能削减0.9%~2.3%的废水排放量;(3)在施加两项措施的前提下,考虑到垂向渗透帷幕减排效率低且施工难度大,结合填补塌陷坑及大型卸荷裂隙与清水引流措施的工况最佳,减排效率为41.2%~55.8%;(4)同时采取3种措施,酸性废水减排效率达到了48.4%~63.6%。Based on the hydrogeological survey data of the Guangdongwan mining area in the upper Xiangxi River basin of the Three Gorges Reservoir,a systematic analysis of the groundwater flow characteristics and the influencing factors of inflow was conducted.Subsequently,a groundwater flow model was established using GMS software.Through numerical simulation,the reduction effects of three source control measures(vertical impermeable curtain,clean water drainage,and mine sealing)on mine inflow under different rainfall conditions were evaluated.The simulation results indicate that the model simulation of the mine’s water inflow and level exhibits a small discrepancy with the actual measured data,accurately reflecting the actual conditions of the mining area.When a single measure is applied,filling the collapse pits and unloading fissures effectively obstructs the primary vertical recharge channels of the roadways,providing the most effective treatment,with a reduction rate of acidic wastewater discharge ranging from 34.9%to 54.7%.The measure of uncontaminated water diversion follows next,with a reduction rate of 25.2%to 45.6%.The vertical anti-seepage curtain measure is the least effective,only reducing the wastewater discharge by 0.9%to 2.3%.Taking into account of the limited reduction efficiency and the complex construction process of the vertical seepage barrier,it is optimal to combine the implementation of two strategies.The most favorable scenario is the simultaneous treatment of filling collapsed pits and large-scale unloading fractures with uncontaminated water diversion,which could achieve a reduction efficiency of 41.2%to 55.8%.When the three measures are implemented at the same time,the reduction efficiency of acidic wastewater discharge is ranging from 48.4%to 63.6%.

关 键 词：地下水污染 矿硐涌水 源头治理 数值模拟 MODFLOW 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]