稻蟹共生模式下中华绒螯蟹捕食灰飞虱的研究  

Predation on Gray Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis in Rice-Crab Co-Culture

作　　者：王玉全 范思宁 于怡琳 梅杰 孙娜 梁晓晨 刘学深 李晓东[1,2] WANG Yuquan;FAN Sining;YU Yilin;MEI Jie;SUN Na;LIANG Xiaochen;LIU Xueshen;LI Xiaodong(Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Mitten Crab Breeding,Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co.,Ltd.,Panjin 124200,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司,辽宁省中华绒螯蟹育种重点实验室,辽宁盘锦124200 [3]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产科学》2025年第2期191-201,共11页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0901702);辽宁省重点研发指导计划项目(201802120);辽宁省重点研发项目(2019JH2/10200006);沈阳农业大学高层次人才引进项目(880416005).

摘　　要：为探讨稻田养蟹中中华绒螯蟹捕食灰飞虱的情况,2020年6月10日—9月24日,在辽宁省盘锦光合蟹业有限公司进行了田间试验和实验室模式试验,通过田间灰飞虱数量变化(田间灰飞虱数量调查采用盆拍法:将白色搪瓷盘用水润湿后轻轻贴于水稻基部,快速用手拍打稻株3次,立即观察盆中灰飞虱数量)、田间中华绒螯蟹胃肠内容物检测,室内模拟中华绒螯蟹对灰飞虱的捕食功能反应,研究了体质量12~24g中华绒螯蟹对田间灰飞虱的捕食作用机理,以及体质量规格、性别、短时饥饿对其捕食灰飞虱能力的影响。田间试验分为3组:单养水稻组、大眼幼体与水稻共养组和扣蟹与水稻共养组,每组4个平行。试验结果显示:中华绒螯蟹对灰飞虱具有捕食效应,2种稻蟹养殖模式分别较无蟹田的田内害虫的数量降低53.05%和51.50%;大规格中华绒螯蟹捕食能力极显著高于小规格(P<0.01);处于短时饥饿状态下的中华绒螯蟹捕食能力极显著高于饱食状态(P<0.01);雄蟹和雌蟹的捕食能力无明显差异。体质量增大、短时饥饿均能极显著增强中华绒螯蟹捕食灰飞虱的能力,3种捕食功能反应模型均符合HollingⅡ型方程。In order to explore the predation of gray planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in rice-crab co-culture,field trial and laboratory test were carried out in Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co.,Ltd.,in Dawa District,Panjin City,Liaoning Province,from June 10 to September 24,2020.The changes in the number of gray planthoppers were measured in the field by a pot shooting method,the gastrointestinal food contents were analyzed in the Chinese mitten crab in the field,and effects of Chinese mitten crab with body weight of 12-24 g,as well as the female crabs with body weight of(20±4)g and(10±2)g,sex,and short-term starvation on the predation function of the Chinese mitten crab on the gray planthopper were simulated in a laboratory to probe the predation mechanism of the Chinese mitten crab with body weight of 12—24 g on the gray planthopper in the field.The results showed that there was decrease in number of gray planthopper by 53.05%in field trial and 51.5%in laboratory test compared with that in the field without Chinese mitten crab,with significantly more gray planthopper in the field with large Chinese mitten crab than in the field with small Chinese mitten crab higher than that in the filed with small ones(P<0.01).The Chinese mitten crab exposed to short-term starvation had significantly higher feeding ability of gray planthopper than that in the satiety group(P<0.01),without significant difference in the feeding ability between male and female individuals.Therefore,the increase in body weight and short-term starvation can lead to significantly enhance the ability of Chinese mitten crab to prey on gray planthoppers,and the three predatory functional response models are in line with the HollingⅡequation.

关 键 词：稻蟹共生 中华绒螯蟹 灰飞虱 捕食 饥饿 雌雄 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]