多组中国南、北方海带品种杂交后代生长和光合效率的杂种优势评价  

Evaluation of Heterosis of Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Hybrid Offsprings from Multiple Crosses between Northern and Southern Kelp Laminaria japonica Cultivars in China

作　　者：宋桂文 黄翔 张娣 颜雨 金海平 徐园园 戴宏亮 刘福利 SONG Guiwen;HUANG Xiang;ZHANG Di;YAN Yu;JIN Haiping;XU Yuanyuan;DAI Hongliang;LIU Fuli(Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Education,College of Marine Life Science,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266003,China;Yantai Fenghong Marine Seedling Industry Co.,Ltd,Yantai 265617,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,海洋生物遗传学与育种教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东青岛266003 [3]烟台丰泓海洋苗业有限公司,山东烟台265617

出　　处：《水产科学》2025年第2期202-211,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(202262001);山东省重点研发计划(良种工程)(2022LZGC004);中国海洋大学教师科研启动经费项目(862201013155).

摘　　要：将南方海域的海带连杂1号、海嘉1号,北方海域的901、玉带1号、东方7号的雌、雄配子体在红光1600lx(16L∶8D)、10℃的灭菌海水中添加终质量浓度为4mg/L和0.4mg/L的N、P营养液,振荡培养,进行配子体克隆扩繁杂交和各品种自交。通过比较杂交子代的生长速率和抗高光能力,揭示不同亲本组合杂交的杂种优势特征,从光合生理的角度揭示海带高光耐受性杂种优势形成的机制,为耐高光品种培养奠定基础。结果显示,仅少数杂交组合子代表现出显著的超亲优势,大部分杂交子代在正常条件下生长速率呈现杂种中亲优势,表明杂交并不一定产生生长和抗逆性状的杂种优势。5~10cm海带幼苗的极限生长光照度为13600lx。正、反交明显影响杂交子代的生长速率和抗高光能力,子代的生长速率和抗高光能力与其雌性亲本自交组更为接近。试验结果为海带杂交培育耐高光品种提供了新的思路和依据。The female and male gametophytes of kelp Laminaria japonica Lianza 1 and Haijia 1 in the southern seas,901,Yudai 1 and Dongfang 7 in the northern seas were cultured in solutions with final concentrations of 4 mg/L N and 0.4 mg/L P in sterilized seawater at 1600 lx(16L∶8D)and 10℃,and the gametophyte cloning and multiplication and self-breeding of various varieties were carried out by shaking culture.By comparing the growth rate and anti-high-light ability of the hybrid offspring,the heterosis characteristics of cross-breeding with different parental combinations were evaluated,and the mechanism of heterosis formation of high-light tolerance of kelp was probed by photosynthetic physiology to provide a basis for the breeding of high light-resistant varieties.The results showed that significant high-parent heterosis was observed in only a few crossing combinations,with mid-parent heterosis in most hybrid offsprings,indicating that crossing did not necessarily produce heterosis in growth and stress resistance.The 5—10 cm length seedlings had the maximum growth light intensity of 13600 lx,and crossing and reciprocal crossing had a significant impact on the growth rate and high light resistance of hybrid offspring.The growth rate and high light resistance of offspring were shown to be more similar to their female parent self-cross group.The findings provide new ideas and evidence for cross breeding of kelp to cultivate high light-resistant varieties.

关 键 词：海带 杂种优势 高光抗性 杂交 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S968.42[农业科学—水产养殖]