两种微藻对凡纳滨对虾养殖系统水质与生物膜菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Two Species of Green Microalgae on Water Quality and Biofilm Flora Structure in Aquaculture Systems of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：吕丽斌 刘超 孙明珠 徐爱玲 宋志文 LYU Libin;LIU Chao;SUN Mingzhu;XU Ailing;SONG Zhiwen(Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao Technological University,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东省环境生态工程与污染修复重点实验室,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《水产科学》2025年第2期223-234,共12页Fisheries Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(公益性科技攻关类)(2018GSF117022);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MC193).

摘　　要：为探究添加蛋白核小球藻和雨生红球藻对凡纳滨对虾内循环养殖系统水质、对虾生长以及生物膜细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,在水温26~28℃下,将挂膜亲水聚氨酯凝胶填料装入网袋后,按5%体积分数置于80L玻璃缸中,人工海水盐度15,投放平均体长(0.8±0.1)cm的凡纳滨对虾稚虾64尾,每3d分别添加10mL蛋白核小球藻和雨生红球藻,对照组不添加藻类,每7d清洗1次亲水聚氨酯凝胶填料,定期补水。84d的养殖结果表明:添加微藻的蛋白核小球藻组和雨生红球藻组最终硝态氮和总磷质量浓度较对照组分别降低13.0%、17.7%和6.3%、29.7%;在氨氮和亚硝态氮上存在差异,雨生红球藻降低了养殖系统氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度,而蛋白核小球藻试验组氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度升高;添加微藻对对虾成活率无显著影响,但可以提高对虾体长、体质量、平均日生长率和饵料利用率,蛋白核小球藻和雨生红球藻组对虾的体质量分别提高了15.0%和11.8%。细菌群落结构与多样性分析表明:与对照组相比,蛋白核小球藻组生物膜变形菌门与拟杆菌门相对丰度降低,酸杆菌门相对丰度增加;雨生红球藻组中拟杆菌门相对丰度增加,酸杆菌门与变形菌门相对丰度降低;添加微藻养殖系统硝化细菌的相对丰度增加,而反硝化细菌的相对丰度降低。In order to investigate the effects of addition of green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Haematococcus pluvialis on water quality,growth,biofilm bacterial community structure,and diversity of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in an internal circulation aquaculture system,a hydrophilic polyurethane gel filler with hanging film was loaded into a mesh bag,placed in an 80 L glass tank at 5%(V/V),with a salinity of 15 artificial seawater,and 64 juvenile shrimp(800 individuals/m3)with body length of(0.8±0.1)cm were stocked,and reared for 84 d and 10 mL of C.pyrenoidosa and H.pluvialis were added every 3 days,respectively,and no algae were added to the control group at water temperature of 26—28℃.Wash the hydrophilic polyurethane gel filler every 7 days and replenish it regularly.The results showed that the addition of microalgae led to reduce contents of nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)and total phosphorus(TP)in the aquaculture system,with decrease in NO3--N and TP by 13.0%and 17.7%in C.pyrenoidosa group and 6.3%and 29.7%H.pluvialis group.However,there were variations in ammonia nitrogen(TAN)and nitrite nitrogen(NO-2-N)performance:decrease in concentration in H.pluvialis group and increase in C.pyrenoidosa group in the aquaculture system.The body length,body weight,average daily growth rate(ADG),and feed utilization efficiency were improved in the shrimp exposed to addition of microalgae,without significant effect on shrimp survival rate.Body weight was found to be increased in the shrimp by 15.0%in C.pyrenoidosa group and 11.8%in H.pluvialis group.Analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity revealed that the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were decreased in C.pyrenoidosa system and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was increased;relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased in H.pluvialis system while Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were decreased instead.Additionally,the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria was shown to be increased in the added microalgae

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 微藻 水质 生物膜菌群结构 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]