美人鱼发光杆菌抑菌中草药的筛选及应用试验  

Screening and Application of Chinese Herbal Medicines to Inhibit Photobacterium damselae subsp.damselae

作　　者：梁一帆 吴建绍[2] 李慧耀 杨求华[2] 郭松林[1] 李昭杰 林琪[2] LIANG Yifan;WU Jianshao;LI Huiyao;YANG Quihua;GUO Songlin;LI Zhaojie;LIN Qi(Fisheries College,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [2]福建省水产研究所,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《水产科学》2025年第2期274-283,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(2021FJSC2Y03);福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1012007);福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金资助项目(FJHY-YYKJ-2022-1-13).

摘　　要：为筛选出可安全、高效防治仿刺参腐皮综合征的中草药,采用MH培养基、2216E液体培养和抑菌圈法及改良微量二倍稀释法,将诃子、大黄、板蓝根、夏枯草、乌梅、黄柏、虎杖、秦皮、黄连、白芍、五倍子、赤芍、穿心莲、五味子、青蒿、金银花、白头翁、黄岑、石榴皮、大青叶等20种中草药粉碎过筛,取2 g药粉置于150mL双蒸水浸泡30min,大火煮沸,小火煮20min,大火浓缩至20mL,测定其对仿刺参源美人鱼发光杆菌的体外抑菌效果和筛选出的抑菌效果较好的中草药对体质量(0.40±0.15)g仿刺参的毒性,用筛选出的抑菌中草药拌饲投喂体质量(18.5±5.4)g的仿刺参28d后,计算人工攻毒感染的相对保护率。试验结果显示,诃子、大黄、秦皮、黄连、五倍子、石榴皮等6种中草药水提物对仿刺参源美人鱼发光杆菌有抑菌效果。五倍子的抑菌和杀菌效果最强,最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度分别为1.56g/L和6.25g/L;其次是石榴皮,最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度为3.13g/L和25 g/L;诃子、大黄、秦皮、黄连等中草药水提物的最小杀菌质量浓度分别为6.25~25.00g/L,抑菌效果良好。3种中草药对仿刺参幼参的急性毒性依次为:五倍子>诃子>石榴皮,诃子24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.417、0.209、0.174、0.145g/L,石榴皮24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.670、0.318、0.211、0.172g/L。抗病力测试结果显示,对照组15d累积死亡率为40%,第15天药物添加组相对保护率依次为3%添加组>1%添加组>5%添加组,分别为92.0%、75.0%和58.4%。试验结果表明,石榴皮可以显著提高仿刺参抗病力,以3%添加量的投喂效果最佳。In order to screen out the Chinese herbal medicines for safe and efficient prevention and treatment of skin ulceration syndrome in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus,in vitro bacteriostatic effects of 20 types of Chinese herbal medicines on Photobacterium damselae subsp.damselae(PDD)from the sea cucumber were determined by using inhibition circle method and modified microdouble dilution method on MH medium(Mueller-Hinton Agar),and 2216E liquid medium(2216E liquid medium),includingFructusChebulae,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Radix Isatidis,Spica Prunellae,Fructus Mume,Cortex Phellodendri,Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati,Cortex Fraxini,Rhizoma Coptidis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Galla Chinensis,Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Herba Andrographis,Fructus Schisandrae,Herba Artemisiae Annuae,Flos Lonicerae,Radix Pulsatillae,Radix Scutellariae,Pericarpium Granati,Folium Isatidis,which were crushed and,sieved and 2 g of medicinal powder was soaked in 150 mL of double distilled water for 30 min,boiled over high heat,and boiled on low heat for 20 min,and concentrated to 20 mL.The toxicity of the screened Chinese herbal medicines with good antibacterial to the sea cucumber with body weight of(0.4±0.15)g was examined and the Chinese herbal medicines with good antibacterial effect were added into the diets which were fed the sea cucumber with body weight of(18.5±5.4)g for 28 days and then artificially challenged with PDD,to calculate the relative protection rate.The results showed that the aqueous extracts of six herbs,including Fructus Chebulae,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Cortex Fraxini,Rhizoma Coptidis,Galla Chinensis,Pericarpium Granati,had bacteriostatic effects on the PDD,Galla Chinensis having the strongest bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects,with the minimum inhibitory mass concentrations(MIC)of 1.56 g/L and the minimum bactericidal mass concentrations(MBC)of 6.25 g/L.The MIC of 3.13 g/L and MBC of 25 g/L were observed in Pericarpium Granati,and MBC from 6.25 g/L to 25 g/L in Fructus Chebulae,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Cortex fraxini and Rhizoma Coptidi

关 键 词：仿刺参 美人鱼发光杆菌 中草药 急性毒性 抗病力 

分 类 号：S947[农业科学—水产养殖]