油气勘探开发环境问题及注CO_(2)降低环保压力的影响探讨  

Discussion on the Environmental Problems of Oil and Gas Exploration andDevelopment and the Role of CO_(2) in Reducing Environmental Pressure

作　　者：李艳佩 杨子杰 LI Yanpei;YANG Zijie(Oil Production Plant 6 of Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company,Shaanxi Xi’an 710000;Changqing Transportation Branch of Petro China Kunlun Logistics Co.,Ltd.,Shaanxi Xi’an 710000 China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油长庆油田分公司第六采油厂,陕西西安710000 [2]中国石油昆仑物流有限公司长庆运输分公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《广州化工》2025年第5期120-122,125,共4页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

摘　　要：油气资源高效开采过程中往往伴随着一定的环境污染问题,油气开发、集输需要尽可能避免对周边大气、水体、土壤等环境的污染。本文在总结前人在油气勘探开发过程污染源、污染对策总结的基础之上,结合目前我国“双碳”战略,通过向油藏中注入CO_(2)可以有效提高油藏的采收率,尤其是CO_(2)吞吐相较于CO_(2)连续驱替在提高采收率方面效果更为明显。更为重要的是,CO_(2)注入油藏后与黏土矿物以及碳酸盐矿物间复杂的地球化学反应,能够实现部分CO_(2)的地质封存,有效减少CO_(2)温室效应带来的环境压力。此外,前置CO_(2)能够有效提升地层压力,提升压裂液的返排效率,进一步减少油田生产对地下水的污染程度。提采和地质封存双重效果下,注CO_(2)能够实现对低渗透油气藏的高效开采及环境保护二者的有效支撑,是未来低渗透油气开采的方向。The process of efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources is often accompanied by certain environmental pollution problems,and oil and gas development,gathering and transportation need to avoid pollution to the surrounding air,water bodies,soil and other environments as much as possible.Based on the summary of pollution sources and pollution countermeasures in the process of oil and gas exploration and development,combined with the current“dual carbon”strategy in China,the oil recovery of the reservoir can be effectively improved by injecting CO_(2) into the reservoir,especially the effect of CO_(2) huff and puff is more obvious than that of CO_(2) continuous displacement in enhancing oil recovery.More importantly,the complex geochemical reaction between CO_(2) and clay minerals and carbonate minerals after injection into the reservoir can realize the geological storage of CO_(2).Besided,it can also effectively reduce the environmental pressure caused by the CO_(2) greenhouse effect.In addition,the pre-CO_(2) can effectively increase the stratum pressure,which would improve the flowback efficiency of fracturing fluid,and it can further reduce the pollution of groundwater from oilfield production.Under the dual effect of extraction and geological storage,the injection of CO_(2) can effectively support the efficient exploitation and environmental protection of low permeability deep oil and gas reservoirs,and it is the direction of low permeability oil and gas exploitation in the future.

关 键 词：油气资源 油气污染 CO_(2)注入 CO_(2)压裂 CO_(2)埋存 

分 类 号：TE992[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]