灵渠修筑与12世纪以降中国的大一统  

Lingqu Canal and the great unification of China since the 12th century

作　　者：杨园章 YANG Yuanzhang(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期167-177,共11页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所藏庄学本摄影作品整理与研究”(23CMZ042)。

摘　　要：灵渠沟通了长江和珠江水系,在我国古代的大一统进程中发挥了重要作用。以往关于灵渠的研究重秦汉而轻后世,忽略了灵渠存续两千多年背后与区域社会经济发展、族群互动以及王朝正统观念塑造等关系的复杂历史图景。自秦代开凿以来,从“灵渠”到“陡河”,再到“东西陡河”,灵渠功能逐渐增加,在我国古代大一统进程的各个阶段发挥了相应的作用。12世纪以降,特别是清代对桂北水利系统的整合,为西南诸省和中、东部其他地区的交往奠定了物质基础。对王朝边略而言,东西陡河的联动增强了中原王朝控御桂、滇、黔诸省的能力。对区域市场而言,得益于灵渠提供的便利,湘粤桂跨区米盐贸易有了长足发展,持续数百年的跨区米盐贸易也为灵渠沿线的经济发展提供了有利条件。对桂北地区而言,灵渠灌溉功能的开发,促进了本区域农业发展。同时,随着桂北地区的进一步开发,山林物产的商品化,灵渠成为木材、茶叶等本地物产运输的重要商道,周边各族群逐渐被纳入统一的市场体系,族群关系也迎来新的历史阶段。12世纪以降,在官方和民间的共同经营下,灵渠周边庙宇通过吸纳其他信仰来壮大自身力量,形成三组祠庙群;三者之间,特别是灵济庙和龙王庙,在竞争中也逐渐达成某种平衡。庙宇的营建既是官方意识形态推广和政治认同塑造的体现,同时也集中展现了当地多元文化传统交融的历史图景。灵渠所在的桂北地区乃至岭南地区“自下而上”地“以一统为大”。灵渠对中国的大一统作用长久而深远。Lingqu Canal bridges the Yangtze and Pearl River water systems and plays an important role in the great unification process of ancient China.Previous studies emphasize the Qin and Han dynasties over later generations,ignoring the complex historical picture of the relationship between the existence of Lingqu Canal for more than two thousand years and regional socio-economic development,ethnic interaction,and the shaping of dynastic orthodoxy.From Lingqu to Douhe,and then to Eastern and Western Douhe,the functions of Lingqu Canal gradually increased and played a corresponding role in the various stages of the process of the great unification of ancient China.Since the 12th century,the integration of the water conservancy system in northeastern Guangxi by the state in Qing Dynasty,in particular,laid the material base for the communication between the southwestern provinces and other regions in the central and eastern parts of the country.In terms of dynastic border strategy,the linkage of Eastern and Western Douhe enhanced the central government’s ability to control the provinces of Guangxi,Yunan and Guizhou.In terms of the regional market,with the convenience provided by Lingqu Canal,the inter-regional rice and salt trade between Hunan,Guangdong and Guangxi has developed significantly,and the inter-regional rice and salt trade,which lasted for hundreds of years,has also provided favorable conditions for the economic development along Lingqu Canal.For the northern part of Guangxi,the development of the irrigation function of Lingqu Canal has promoted agricultural development in the region.At the same time,with the further development of northeastern Guangxi and the commercialization of mountain forest products,Lingqu Canal became an important commercial route for the transportation of local products such as timber and tea.The surrounding ethnic groups were gradually incorporated into a unified market system,and the ethnic relation ushered in a new historical stage.Since the 12th century,under the joint management

关 键 词：灵渠 大一统 桂北地区 山林经济 灵济祠 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]