2022年夏季历史极端高温下我国近地表臭氧污染及气象成因分析  

Analysis of Surface Ozone Pollution and Its Meteorological Causes in China during the Record Summertime Extreme Heat of 2022

作　　者：杨镇江 李柯 廖宏 陈磊 YANG Zhenjiang;LI Ke;LIAO Hong;CHEN Lei(School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院/江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《大气科学》2025年第1期1-12,共12页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目42205114;江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目BK20220031。

摘　　要：基于国家空气质量监测网和ERA5(欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代大气再分析数据集)气象数据,本文分析了2022年夏季历史极端高温条件下我国臭氧(O_(3))污染的变化及主要的气象驱动因素。从空间分布上,2022年夏季全国O_(3)浓度呈现明显的反弹,6月的华北地区、7~8月的南方地区较为明显;从长期趋势上,华北2022年6月O_(3)浓度为2015年以来同期第二高,导致区域内平均超标21 d;长江三角洲和四川盆地2022年7、8月的O_(3)浓度均是2015年来同期最高。从前体物变化来看,卫星数据显示2022年NO_(x)排放相对于2019~2021年无明显的变化,同时南方地区HCHO(甲醛)柱浓度的显著升高与温度变化十分一致,表明2022年极端高温事件是导致O_(3)浓度异常偏高的主要驱动因素。具体来说,2022年O_(3)异常与温度异常的空间相关系数在6~8月份分别达0.71、0.64和0.49,且重点城市O_(3)的温度敏感性也比较高;从环流系统来看,O_(3)异常升高与副热带高压控制下的高温、低湿的静稳天气有较强的时空一致性。特别地,2022年极端高温事件下O_(3)对温度响应与过去相比有所不同,观测上逐日O_(3)与温度的高正相关关系在达到某个阈值后会消失,但2022年华北和长江三角洲在较高的温度下依然存在正相关关系。本研究强调了极端高温事件对O_(3)污染的影响的重要作用,对我国复合污染协同治理提出了更严峻的挑战。In this study,the authors analyze surface ozone(O_(3))pollution and its dominant meteorological drivers in China based on the record summertime extreme heat of 2022 using Chinese national air quality network measurements and EAR5 reanalysis meteorological fields.Spatially,the O_(3)concentration across China remained high in the summer of 2022,with strong positive anomalies over northern China in June and southern China in July-August.For long-term trends,the O_(3)concentration in the North China Plain(NCP)in June 2022 was the second highest in June since 2015,resulting in 21 regionally averaged ozone exceedance days.In July-August 2022,O_(3)concentrations were the highest for these months since 2015 in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)and Sichuan Basin(SCB).In terms of ozone precursor changes relative to 2019-2021,there was only a slight change in satellite-derived NO_(2)columns in 2022,while the enhancement in satellite-derived HCHO over southern China was consistent with temperature changes.This suggests that the record-breaking summertime extreme heat of 2022 is the dominant driver of O_(3)enhancement.Specifically,the spatial correlation coefficients between the O_(3)and temperature anomalies in 2022 were 0.71,0.64,and 0.49 for June,July,and August,respectively;additionally,O_(3)sensitivity to temperature was relatively high in major clusters.Under the control of the subtropical high,the enhanced O_(3)concentration exhibits a strong spatiotemporal consistency with stagnant weather conditions characterized by high temperature and low humidity.In particularly,the O_(3)-temperature relationship in 2022 was quite different from that of previous years,while the strong positive correlation observed for O_(3)-temperature was suppressed when reaching a high-temperature threshold in 2019-2021.This positive correlation persisted even at extremely higher temperatures in 2022 in the NCP and YRD.This study highlights the important role of extreme high-temperature events on O_(3)pollution,which poses a pressing challenge for the

关 键 词：臭氧污染 极端高温 气象因素 复合污染 中国 

分 类 号：P402[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]