族群融汇与中华民族共同体之形成——基于中华历史三个重要阶段的论述  

The Integration of Ethnic Groups and the Formation of the Community for the Chinese Nation:Based on Three Important Periods of Chinese History

作　　者：范丽珠 陈纳 FAN Lizhu;CHEN Na

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学民族研究院暨国家四部委铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,上海200433 [3]复旦大学统一战线基础理论(上海)研究基地,上海200433 [4]复旦大学复旦发展研究院,上海200433 [5]复旦大学社会发展研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2025年第1期5-17,共13页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华民族共同体的文化建构研究”(编号:24&ZD194),国家社会科学基金专项项目“中华民族共同体的基础理论及其国际视野”(编号:23VMZ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章关注中国陷于群雄争霸的三个历史时期,旨在探讨中华民族在历经先秦时期的混乱、分裂与争斗的过程中,如何发展出一套基于情理的族群观和天下观,以及后世不同历史阶段的政治力量和社会精英如何通过接受和发扬滥觞于先秦的观念体系,在促进族群融合的实践中重归一统文明的机制。在秦汉大一统王朝时期,“车同轨,书同文,行同伦”的文化理念得以制度化并被付诸有效的实践,进而有机融入孔儒教化体系广为传播,给后世的中华王朝提供了一个理想的“天下”榜样。这一基于情理的族群观并不局限于某个特定族群,也不为某个特定王朝所独享,而是超越族群和王朝的,因而在不同历史阶段中能将上下内外、东西南北之人吸纳并凝聚在一个文化共同体内。在分裂、混乱的局面阶段性发生的情况下,不同族群接受孔儒文化理念的知识精英共同推动了诸多族群之间的互动融合,在文明互鉴的过程中,中华民族演化为一个多族群的文化共同体,在乱治分合的轮回中追求和实践着大一统国家的理想。Focusing on three historical periods when China was suffering from long-term disunity and disorder,this article attempts to explore how the Chinese people developed an inclusive attitude towards ethnic coexistence and a worldview of unity under the heaven based on human sentiment and rationality during the preQin period of wars and turmoil;and to explore the mechanism by which the political forces and social elites of different ethnic groups in different historical stages of later generations adopted and carried forward the ideas originated in the pre-Qin time to obtain reunification under the heaven in the practice of ethnic integration.This study argues that the cultural concept and action principle of"sharing the same standardized axle lengths of carts,the same written language,and the same ethical codes"did not appear out of thin air,but rather a consensus of universal significance and feasibility formed by different ethnic groups in the process of interaction since ancient times,which was systematically interpreted and disseminated through Confucian education and cultivation,and the institutionalization and effective practice of the Qin and Han dynasties.It provided an ideal model of the"(unified)world under the heaven"for the later Chinese dynasties.This view of ethnic integration based on"human sentiment and rationality"expresses a highly cultural idealism,and it is not limited to a specific ethnic group,nor is it exclusive to a specific dynasty,but transcends all ethnic groups and dynasties,so that it can integrate and unite people into a cultural community in different historical stages.When situations of division and chaos periodically occurred in history,intellectual elites of different ethnic groups who accepted Confucian cultural values and ideas,jointly promoted the interaction and integration among various ethnic groups.In the process of learning from each other,the Chinese nation evolved into a multi-ethnic cultural community,and pursued and practiced the ideal of unifying the country as a commonw

关 键 词：族群互动与融汇 中华民族共同体 族群观 天下观 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]