从研究式保护到生命力振兴——非遗保护中政府、学者与社区、群体的互动  

Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage from Research to Viability Revitalization:Interactions among Governments,Scholars,and Communities

作　　者：彭牧 PENG Mu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2025年第1期67-84,共18页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：2024年文化和旅游部部级社会科学研究项目“中国非物质文化遗产保护工作二十年回顾与总结”(编号:24DY03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：遗产界定与保护的方式,体现着当代社会对待过去时代文化传统的方式、态度及其变迁。联合国教科文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》将非遗保护实践的主体认定为社区、群体和相关个人,体现了遗产保护模式的重大变迁。文章通过将《保护非物质文化遗产公约》保护模式的产生置于20世纪文化与发展关系的思想史与话语史脉络中,力图揭示其与20世纪70年代出现的内生性发展观的深刻关联。文章通过梳理《保护非物质文化遗产公约》及《实施〈保护非物质文化遗产公约〉的业务指南》中政策指向的发展变化,辨析民俗传统在遗产化进程中基于特定地方的民间传统在向外部世界开放中所面临的价值变迁与重塑,探讨非遗保护实践中政府、学者和社区、群体的关系及其良性互动,思考在地方性与全球性的关联中,非遗保护所代表的草根全球化的可能性。The way heritage is defined and safeguarded reflects the way,the attitude and the changes that contemporary societies face the cultural traditions of the past.The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH),which identifies the subjects of ICH safeguarding practices as communities,groups and individuals,represents a significant paradigm shift in the heritage protection.By situating the emergence of the ICH safeguarding model in the intellectual and discursive history of the relationship between culture and development in the twentieth century,the article seeks to reveal its deep connection with the endogenous view of development that emerged in the 1970s.By reviewing the development of the policy directions in the Convention and the Operational Guidelines,the article identifies the value changes and reshaping of folk traditions in the process of heritagization and the opening up of locally based folk traditions to the outside world,explores the relationships and positive interactions among governments,experts,scholars and communities in the practice of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage,and reflects on the possibility of grassroots globalization represented by safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in the linkage between locality and globality.

关 键 词：内生性发展 《保护非物质文化遗产公约》 遗产保护模式 价值重塑 草根全球化 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]