脾脑轴在神经病理性疼痛中作用机制的研究进展  

Spleen-Brain Axis Role in Neuropathic Pain:Research Progress

作　　者：韩守孟 陈欣[2] 马莉 王莹 王龙[1] HAN Shou-meng;CHEN Xin;MA Li;WANG Ying;WANG Long(Department of Anesthesiology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430060,China;Department of Anesthesiology,Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital,Xi'an,Shaanxi,710068,China;Department of Anesthesiology,The First People's Hospital of Foshan,Foshan,Guangdong,528000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院,湖北武汉430060 [2]陕西省人民医院,陕西西安710068 [3]佛山市第一人民医院,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2025年第3期590-600,共11页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82201549);吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金项目(320.6750.2024-15-54)。

摘　　要：神经病理性疼痛(neuropathic pain,NP)是一种由神经系统损伤或疾病引发的慢性疼痛状态,以自发性疼痛、痛觉过敏和痛觉异常为主要特征。近年来,脾-脑轴在调节疼痛感知和免疫应答中的关键作用日益受到关注。作为重要的外周免疫器官,脾脏通过神经和免疫双重信号通路与中枢神经系统进行动态交互,进而调控神经炎症反应和疼痛敏感性。这一调节过程涉及脾脏免疫细胞的募集与活化、神经递质的释放与传导,以及脾脏与脑组织之间的神经元网络连接。深入研究揭示了脾-脑轴在疼痛的起始、维持及其并发症中的核心地位,尤其在疼痛相关的情绪障碍发生机制中发挥重要作用。基于对脾-脑轴调控机制的深入认识,研究者正在积极探索新的治疗靶点和干预策略,这可能为神经病理性疼痛的临床管理开辟新途径。未来研究需要进一步阐明脾-脑轴介导的生理和病理过程,以推动疼痛治疗和神经免疫学领域的创新发展。Neuropathic pain(NP)is a chronic pain condition resulting from damage to or dysfunction of the nervous system,characterized by spontaneous pain,hyperalgesia,and allodynia.Recently,the spleen-brain axis has attracted significant attention as a critical pathway in the regulation of pain perception and immune responses.As a pivotal lymphoid organ,the spleen communicates with the brain through both neural and immune signals,thereby modulating neuroinflammation and pain sensitivity.The mechanisms underlying the spleen-brain axis include the activation of immune cells within the spleen,neurotransmitter signaling,and neuronal interactions between the spleen and the brain.Extensive research into this axis has highlighted its central role in the initiation,persistence,and comorbidity of pain,particularly with respect to mood disorders.Building on current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the spleen-brain axis,novel therapeutic targets and approaches are being actively explored,offering potential new avenues for the management of neuropathic pain.Future research should continue to probe the physiological and pathological mechanisms involved in the spleen-brain axis to further advance both pain management and neuroimmunology.

关 键 词：脾-脑轴 神经病理性疼痛 免疫调节 神经炎症 治疗靶点 

分 类 号：R3[医药卫生—基础医学] R745