论风险社会背景下行政处罚归责标准重构  

On the Reconstruction of the Imputation Standard of Administrative Punishment in the Context of Risk Society

作　　者：石晶[1] SHI Jing

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2025年第2期142-154,共13页Administrative Law Review

基　　金：2023年度国家资助博士后研究人员计划“人类基因编辑法律规制模式的转型研究”(项目批准号:GZC20230937)。

摘　　要：风险社会中的新兴科技行为发生了结构性改变,相较于受到行政规制的一般行为而言具有多元风险性。对蕴含风险的新兴科技行为进行行政归责挑战了传统行政处罚体系。以人类基因编辑行政处罚为考察对象,发现风险社会背景下的行政处罚归责困境在于对责任主义立场的冲击、对具体危害结果的背离、对客观因果关系的突破。由于不同法益类型和不同归责功能影响归责要件的形态和证明程度,故破解归责难题需要遵循类型化思路。在区分物质性法益与精神性法益、惩戒功能与预防功能的基础上,风险社会背景下行政处罚归责标准的层级化构建体现为:侵害物质性法益的惩戒归责标准、威胁物质性法益的预防归责标准、侵害精神性法益的惩戒归责标准、威胁精神性法益的预防归责标准。风险归责原则统摄之下的不同归责标准与特定的主观要件、结果要件和因果关系要件相对应。The emerging technological behaviors in the risk society undergone structural changes and possess multiple risks compared to general behaviors subject to administrative regulation.Administering administrative imputation for emerging technological behaviors containing risks challenges the traditional administrative punishment system.Taking administrative punishment for human gene editing as the object of investigation,it is found that the dilemma of administrative punishment imputation in the context of risk society lies in the impact on the stance of responsibility doctrine,the deviation from specific harmful results,and the breakthrough of objective causal relationship.Since different types of legal interests and different imputation functions affect the form and degree of proof of imputation elements,solving the imputation problem requires following a typological approach.Based on distinguishing between material legal interests and spiritual legal interests,and between disciplinary functions and preventive functions,the hierarchical construction of the imputation standard of administrative punishment in the context of risk society is embodied as:the disciplinary imputation standard for infringing material legal interests,the preventive imputation standard for threatening material legal interests,the disciplinary imputation standard for infringing spiritual legal interests,and the preventive imputation standard for threatening spiritual legal interests.Different imputation standards under the domination of the risk imputation principle correspond to specific subjective elements,result elements and causal relationship elements.

关 键 词：风险社会 人类基因编辑 行政处罚 风险归责 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]